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vote with a party

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1 vote

vəut 1. noun
((the right to show) one's wish or opinion, eg in a ballot or by raising a hand etc, especially at an election or in a debate: In Britain, the vote was given to women over twenty-one in 1928; Nowadays everyone over eighteen has a vote; A vote was taken to decide the matter.) stemmerett/-avgiving
2. verb
1) (to cast or record one's vote: She voted for the Conservative candidate; I always vote Labour; I shall vote against the restoration of capital punishment.) stemme, avgi stemme

2) (to allow, by a vote, the provision of (something) eg to someone, for a purpose etc: They were voted $5,000 to help them in their research.) bevilge

•

- voter
- vote of confidence
- vote of thanks

votere

I
subst. \/vəʊt\/

1) ( ved votering e.l.) stemme, stemmeseddel

• the candidate got 74 votes

kandidaten fikk 74 stemmer

2) stemmer, antall stemmer, også velgere

• the young people's vote was decisive

de unges stemmer var avgjørende

• the total vote

det totale antall avgitte stemmer

• the vote was light

valgdeltakelsen var lav

3) stemmerett

4) avstemning, votering, også valg

5) beslutning (etter avstemning)

• the vote was unanimous

beslutningen var enstemmig

• was the vote for or against the resolution?

stemte man for eller mot resolusjonen?

6) votum

• he proposed a vote of thanks

han holdt en liten takketale

7) bevilgning(er)

• a vote of £500,000 for a new building was passed

det ble bevilget £500 000 til en ny bygning

by... votes med... stemmer

• he lost the election by 40 votes

han tapte med 40 stemmer

cast a vote avgi stemme, stemme, votere

come to the vote eller come to a vote tas opp til votering, stemmes over gå til votering

the floating vote de usikre velgerne\/stemmene, marginalvelgerne

free vote forklaring: tverrpolitisk votering (dvs. ikke partibundet \/ representantene er fristilt)

give one's vote to eller give one's vote for stemme for, stemme på, gi sin stemme til

go to the vote stemme, gå til votering, gå til avstemning

have a seat and vote ha plass og stemmerett, ha sete og stemme

majority of votes stemmeovervekt, majoritet

on a vote eller on a vote being taken ved (en) votering

pass a vote vedta en beslutning etter votering

popular vote folkeavstemning

put something to the vote ta noe opp til votering, ta noe opp til avstemning, avgjøre noe ved valg

right of vote eller vote stemmerett, valgrett

take a vote foreta avstemning, holde avstemning

votes cast avgitte stemmer

(by)... votes to\/against... (med)... mot... stemmer

• the amendment gained a majority by 16 votes against 11

endringsforslaget fikk flertall med 16 mot 11 stemmer
II
verb \/vəʊt\/

1) stemme, votere

2) vedta

• the resolution was voted by a large majority

resolusjonen ble vedtatt med stort flertall

3) bevilge

4) ( hverdagslig) utnevne, velge til, velge som

• she was voted singer of the year

hun ble utnevnt som årets sanger

• he was voted to the chair

han ble valgt til ordfører

5) ( hverdagslig) erklære for, anse som, være enige om

• the new boss was voted a decent sort

den nye sjefen ble ansett for å være en hederlig mann

• they voted the trip a sucess

de var enige om at turen hadde vært vellykket

6) ( hverdagslig) foreslå, stemme for

• I vote (that) we go to bed

jeg foreslår at vi går og legger oss

qualified to vote stemmeberettiget

vote against stemme imot

vote down stemme ned

vote for stemme for

vote in(to) velge inn

vote on something stemme over noe

vote out votere bort, ikke velge på nytt

vote something through få vedtatt noe, vedta noe

vote the straight ticket se ➢ ticket

vote with a party stemme på et parti

vote with one's feet vise gjennom handling hva man synes om en ting (i stedet for å stemme på vanlig måte)

English-Norwegian dictionary > vote
2 vote

vote [vəʊt]

1 noun

(a) (ballot) vote m;

∎ to have a vote on sth voter sur qch, mettre qch aux voix;

∎ to put a question to the vote mettre une question aux voix;

∎ let's put it to the vote votons;

∎ to take a vote on sth (gen) voter sur qch; Administration & Politics procéder au vote de qch;

∎ if it comes to a or the vote, I know where I stand s'il est procédé à un vote, je sais quelle est ma position;

∎ vote of thanks discours m de remerciement;

∎ I propose a vote of thanks to our charming hostesses je propose que l'on remercie chaleureusement nos charmantes hôtesses

(b) (in parliament) vote m, scrutin m;

∎ seventy MPs were present for the vote soixante-dix députés étaient présents pour le vote;

∎ the vote went in the government's favour/against the government les députés se sont prononcés en faveur du/contre le gouvernement;

∎ vote of confidence vote m de confiance;

∎ vote of no confidence motion f de censure

(c) (individual choice) vote m, voix f;

∎ to give one's vote to sb voter pour qn;

∎ they've got my vote je vote pour eux;

∎ to count the votes (gen) compter les votes ou les voix; Politics dépouiller le scrutin;

∎ the candidate got 15,000 votes le candidat a recueilli 15 000 voix;

∎ to be elected by one vote être élu à une voix de majorité;

∎ one member, one vote = système de scrutin "un homme, une voix"

(d) (ballot paper) bulletin m de vote

(e) (suffrage) droit m de vote;

∎ to have the vote avoir le droit de vote;

∎ to give the vote to sb accorder le droit de vote à qn;

∎ the suffragettes campaigned for votes for women les suffragettes ont fait campagne pour qu'on accorde le droit de vote aux femmes

(f) (UNCOUNT) (collectively → voters) vote m, voix fpl; (→ votes cast) voix fpl exprimées;

∎ they hope to win the working-class vote ils espèrent gagner les voix des ouvriers;

∎ the Scottish vote went against the government le vote écossais a été défavorable au gouvernement;

∎ they won 40 percent of the vote ils ont remporté 40 pour cent des voix ou des suffrages;

∎ they increased their vote by 12 percent ils ont amélioré leurs résultats de 12 pour cent

(g) British Politics (grant) vote m de crédits;

∎ a vote of £100,000 un vote de crédits de 100 000 livres

2 transitive verb

(a) (in election) voter;

∎ vote Malone! votez Malone!;

∎ to vote Labour/Republican voter travailliste/républicain;

∎ our family have always voted Conservative notre famille a toujours voté conservateur ou pour le parti conservateur

(b) (in parliament, assembly → motion, law, money) voter;

∎ they voted that the sitting (should) be suspended ils ont voté la suspension de la séance

(c) (elect) élire; (appoint) nommer;

∎ she was voted president elle a été élue présidente

(d) (declare) proclamer;

∎ the party was voted a great success de l'avis de tous, la soirée a été un grand succès

(e) (suggest) proposer;

∎ I vote we all go to bed je propose qu'on aille tous se coucher

3 intransitive verb

voter;

∎ France is voting this weekend la France va aux urnes ce week-end;

∎ how did the country vote? comment est-ce que le pays a voté?;

∎ to vote for/against sb voter pour/contre qn;

∎ I'm going to vote for Barron je vais voter (pour) Barron ou donner ma voix à Barron;

∎ most of the delegates voted against the chairman la plupart des délégués ont voté contre le président;

∎ to vote in favour of/against sth voter pour/contre qch;

∎ the party conference voted on the question of nuclear disarmament le congrès du parti a voté sur la question du désarmement nucléaire;

∎ let's vote on it! mettons cela aux voix!;

∎ to vote by a show of hands voter à main levée;

∎ figurative to vote with one's feet (by leaving) manifester ou signifier son mécontentement en partant; (by not turning up) manifester ou signifier son mécontentement par le boycott

➲ vote down separable transitive verb

(bill, proposal) rejeter (par le vote)

➲ vote in separable transitive verb

(person, government) élire; (new law) voter, adopter

➲ vote out separable transitive verb

(suggestion) rejeter; (minister) relever de ses fonctions;

∎ the bill was voted out le projet de loi n'a pas été adopté ou a été rejeté

➲ vote through separable transitive verb

(bill, reform) voter, ratifier

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > vote
3 vote

vote

A n

1 ( choice) vote m ; to cast one's vote voter ; to get 100 votes obtenir 100 votes ; one man one vote ≈ suffrage universel ; that gets my vote! fig moi je suis pour! ;

2 ( franchise) the vote le droit de vote ; to get the vote obtenir le droit de vote ;

3 ( ballot) vote m ; to have a vote voter ; to take a vote on voter sur ; to put sth to the vote mettre qch aux voix ;

4 ( body of voters) voix fpl ; the teenage/Scottish vote les voix des jeunes/des Écossais ; to receive 60% of the vote obtenir 60% des voix ; by a majority vote à la majorité des voix ; to increase one's vote by 10% recevoir 10% de voix en plus.

B vtr

1 ( affirm choice of) voter [Liberal, yes] ; what ou how do you vote? pour qui est-ce que tu votes? ; to vote sb into/out of office ou power élire/ne pas réélire qn ; to vote sb into the White House élire qn à la Maison Blanche ; to be voted best film/Miss World être élu meilleur film/Miss Monde ;

2 ( authorize) to vote sb sth accorder qch à qn ; to vote oneself a pay rise s'accorder une augmentation de salaire ;

3 ○ ( propose) proposer ; I vote we all go je propose que nous y allions tous.

C vi voter (on sur ; for sb pour qn ; against contre) ; to vote for reform voter en faveur de la réforme ; to vote on whether voter pour décider si ; let's vote on it mettons-le aux voix ; to vote to join the EEC/to strike voter l'adhésion à la CEE/voter la grève.

Idiom

to vote with one' s feet ( by leaving) quitter le navire ○ ; ( by other action) montrer sa désapprobation par des actes.

Phrasal verbs

■ vote down:

▶ vote [sb/sth] down, vote down [sb/sth] battre [qn] aux voix [person, group] ; rejeter [motion].

■ vote in:

▶ vote [sb] in, vote in [sb] élire [person, party].

■ vote out:

▶ vote [sb/sth] out, vote out [sb/sth] ne pas réélire [person] ; rejeter [motion].

■ vote through:

▶ vote [sth] through, vote through [sth] faire adopter [bill, proposal].

Big English-French dictionary > vote
4 vote

vəut
1. noun
((the right to show) one's wish or opinion, eg in a ballot or by raising a hand etc, especially at an election or in a debate: In Britain, the vote was given to women over twenty-one in 1928; Nowadays everyone over eighteen has a vote; A vote was taken to decide the matter.) voto; derecho de voto

2. verb
1) (to cast or record one's vote: She voted for the Conservative candidate; I always vote Labour; I shall vote against the restoration of capital punishment.) votar

2) (to allow, by a vote, the provision of (something) eg to someone, for a purpose etc: They were voted $5,000 to help them in their research.) votar

•

- voter
- vote of confidence
- vote of thanks

vote¹ n

1. voto

the winning candidate got 87 votes el candidato ganador obtuvo 87 votos

2. votación

we decided to take a vote on it decidimos someterlo a votación

vote² vb votar

I voted for the independent candidate voté por el candidato independiente

the union voted in favour of a strike el sindicato votó a favor de una huelga

El gerundio de vote se escribe voting

vote

tr[vəʊt]

noun

1 voto

■ the majority cast their vote for Brown la mayoría votó a Brown

2 (voting) voto, votación nombre femenino

■ it was a very close vote fue una votación muy reñida

3 (right to vote) sufragio, (derecho al) voto

■ young people are given the (right to) vote at age 18 los jóvenes pueden votar a los 18 años

intransitive verb

1 votar

■ they voted Conservative votaron al partido conservador

■ vote for Shaw! ¡vota a Shaw!

transitive verb

1 votar

2 (elect) elegir

■ he was voted president fue elegido presidente

3 familiar considerarse

■ the party was voted a complete flop la fiesta se consideró un desastre total

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be voted into/out of office ganar/perder las elecciones

to pull in votes atraer el voto

to vote by a show of hands votar a mano alzada

to vote on something / take a vote on something someter algo a votación

vote of censure voto de censura

vote of confidence voto de confianza

write-in vote votación nombre femenino por escrito

vote ['vo:t] vi, voted ; voting : votar

to vote Democratic: votar por los demócratas

vote n

1) : voto m

2) suffrage: sufragio m, derecho m al voto

vote

v.

• votar v.

n.

• sufragio s.m.

• votación (Gobierno) s.f.

• voto s.m.

• voz (Voto) s.f.

vəʊt
I

noun

1)

a) c ( ballot cast) voto m, sufragio m (frml)

to cast one's vote — (frml) emitir su (or mi etc) voto (frml)

b) u ( right to vote)

the vote — el sufragio, el derecho de or al voto

to give somebody/gain the vote — conceder a alguien/conseguir* el sufragio or el derecho de or al voto

2)

a) c ( act) votación f

to put something to the vote, to take a vote on something — someter algo a votación

b) u c ( collective decision)

to pass a vote of confidence/no confidence — aprobar* un voto de confianza/de censura

she proposed a vote of thanks to the Chairman — pidió que constara el agradecimiento de todos al presidente

II
1.

intransitive verb votar

to vote FOR somebody — votar por or a alguien

to vote ON something — someter algo a votación

to vote FOR/AGAINST something — votar a favor de/en contra de algo

2.

vt

1)

a) (support, choose) votar por, votar

I've voted Democrat all my life — toda la vida he votado por or a los demócratas

b) ( elect) elegir* por votación

she was voted onto the board — fue elegida por votación para integrar la junta

to vote somebody into office — votar por or a alguien para un cargo

to vote somebody out of office — votar para reemplazar a alguien en su cargo

c) (declare, judge) considerar

2)

a) ( approve) aprobar*

they voteed themselves a pay increase — se aprobaron un aumento de sueldo

b) ( decide)

to vote to + INF — votar por + inf

c) ( propose) (colloq)

to vote (THAT) — votar por que (+ subj) (fam)

I vote (that) we go by taxi — yo voto por que vayamos en taxi

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- vote down

- vote in

- vote out

[vǝʊt]
1. N

1) (=single vote) voto m ( for a favor) ( against en contra de)

he was elected by 102 votes to 60 — salió elegido con 102 votos a favor y 60 en contra

he gets my vote any day! — ¡cuenta con mi voto incondicional!

to count the votes — escrutar or computar los votos

one person, one vote — una persona, un voto
cast 2., 2)
2) (=votes cast) votos mpl

they captured 13 per cent of the vote — se hicieron con un 13 por ciento de los votos

the middle class vote — los votos de la clase media

as the 1931 vote showed — según demostraron las elecciones de 1931

the vote was overwhelmingly in favour of the Democratic Party — el partido demócrata obtuvo una aplastante mayoría

the protest was rejected by a majority vote — la protesta fue rechazada por voto mayoritario

3) (=right to vote) derecho m al voto or a votar, sufragio m

• to give sb the vote — dar a algn el derecho al voto

• to have the vote — tener (el) derecho al voto

• votes for women! — ¡el sufragio para las mujeres!

4) (=act) votación f

to have or take a vote on sth — decidir algo por votación, someter algo a votación more frm

• a vote of confidence — un voto de confianza

to pass a vote of confidence (in sb) — dar un voto de confianza (a algn)

• to allow a free vote — dejar libertad de voto

• a vote of no confidence — un voto de censura

• by popular vote — (lit) por votación popular; (fig) en la opinión de muchos

• to put sth to the vote — someter algo a votación

• a vote of thanks — un voto de gracias

2. VT

1) (=cast one's vote for) votar

to vote Labour/Conservative — votar por or a los laboristas/conservadores

vote Ross at the next election! — ¡vote por or a Ross en las próximas elecciones!

• to vote no — votar no

• to vote sb into office — votar por or a algn para un cargo

to vote sb out of office — votar para reemplazar a algn (en un cargo)

• to vote a bill/measure through parliament — aprobar una ley/una medida en el parlamento

• to vote yes — votar sí

2) (=elect) elegir (por votación)

she was voted Miss Granada 1995 — fue elegida (por votación) Miss Granada 1995

3) (=approve) aprobar (por votación)

MPs have today voted themselves a pay increase — hoy, los diputados parlamentarios se han aprobado (por votación) un aumento de sueldo

4) (=suggest)

I vote we turn back — sugiero or propongo que regresemos

5) (=judge)

we voted it a failure — opinamos que fue un fracaso

3.

VI votar

how did you vote? — ¿a or por quién votaste?

which way will you be voting? — ¿a quién votarás?

the country votes in three weeks — el país acudirá a las urnas dentro de tres semanas

to vote to do sth — votar por hacer algo

• to vote against sth — votar en contra de algo

• to vote in favour of sth — votar a favor de algo

• to vote for sb — votar por or a algn

• to vote on sth — someter algo a votación

to vote with one's feet —

if the bank goes on like this, customers may start voting with their feet — si el banco sigue así, es posible que los clientes empiecen a prescindir de sus servicios

4.

CPD

vote loser * N — lastre m electoral

• it's a vote loser for us — nos hace perder votos, nos supone un lastre electoral

vote winner * N — triunfo m electoral

- vote down

- vote in

- vote out

- vote through

* * *
[vəʊt]
I

noun

1)

a) c ( ballot cast) voto m, sufragio m (frml)

to cast one's vote — (frml) emitir su (or mi etc) voto (frml)

b) u ( right to vote)

the vote — el sufragio, el derecho de or al voto

to give somebody/gain the vote — conceder a alguien/conseguir* el sufragio or el derecho de or al voto

2)

a) c ( act) votación f

to put something to the vote, to take a vote on something — someter algo a votación

b) u c ( collective decision)

to pass a vote of confidence/no confidence — aprobar* un voto de confianza/de censura

she proposed a vote of thanks to the Chairman — pidió que constara el agradecimiento de todos al presidente

II
1.

intransitive verb votar

to vote FOR somebody — votar por or a alguien

to vote ON something — someter algo a votación

to vote FOR/AGAINST something — votar a favor de/en contra de algo

2.

vt

1)

a) (support, choose) votar por, votar

I've voted Democrat all my life — toda la vida he votado por or a los demócratas

b) ( elect) elegir* por votación

she was voted onto the board — fue elegida por votación para integrar la junta

to vote somebody into office — votar por or a alguien para un cargo

to vote somebody out of office — votar para reemplazar a alguien en su cargo

c) (declare, judge) considerar

2)

a) ( approve) aprobar*

they voteed themselves a pay increase — se aprobaron un aumento de sueldo

b) ( decide)

to vote to + INF — votar por + inf

c) ( propose) (colloq)

to vote (THAT) — votar por que (+ subj) (fam)

I vote (that) we go by taxi — yo voto por que vayamos en taxi

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- vote down

- vote in

- vote out

English-spanish dictionary > vote
5 vote

1. noun
1) (individual vote) Stimme, die

a majority of votes — eine Stimmenmehrheit

my vote goes to X, X has my vote — (fig. coll.) ich stimme od. bin für X

2) (act of voting) Abstimmung, die

take a vote on something — über etwas (Akk.) abstimmen

3) (right to vote)

have/be given or get the vote — das Stimmrecht haben/bekommen

4) (collective) Stimmen; (result) Abstimmungsergebnis, das

the vote in favour of capital punishment — die Stimmenzahl für die Todesstrafe

5) (expression of opinion) Votum, das

give somebody a vote of confidence/no confidence — jemandem sein Vertrauen/Misstrauen aussprechen

vote of confidence/no confidence — Vertrauens-/Misstrauensvotum, das

propose a vote of thanks — eine Dankadresse halten
2. intransitive verb
abstimmen; (in election) wählen

vote for/against — stimmen für/gegen

vote for Smith! — wählen Sie Smith!

vote on a motion — über einen Antrag abstimmen

vote to do something — beschließen, etwas zu tun

vote by ballot/[a] show of hands — mit Stimmzetteln/durch Handzeichen abstimmen

vote Conservative/Labour — etc. die Konservativen/Labour usw. wählen
3. transitive verb
1) (elect)

vote somebody Chairman/President — etc. jemanden zum Vorsitzenden/Präsidenten usw. wählen; (approve)

vote a sum of money for something — einen Betrag für etwas bewilligen

2) (coll.): (pronounce) bezeichnen

vote something a success/failure — etwas als Erfolg/Misserfolg bezeichnen

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/93531/vote_down">vote down

- vote in

- vote out

* * *
[vəut] 1. noun
((the right to show) one's wish or opinion, eg in a ballot or by raising a hand etc, especially at an election or in a debate: In Britain, the vote was given to women over twenty-one in 1928; Nowadays everyone over eighteen has a vote; A vote was taken to decide the matter.) das Stimmrecht, die Abstimmung
2. verb
1) (to cast or record one's vote: She voted for the Conservative candidate; I always vote Labour; I shall vote against the restoration of capital punishment.) stimmen, wählen

2) (to allow, by a vote, the provision of (something) eg to someone, for a purpose etc: They were voted $5,000 to help them in their research.) bewilligen

•

- voter
- vote of confidence
- vote of thanks
* * *

vote

[vəʊt, AM voʊt]

I. n

1. (expression of choice) Stimme f

to cast [or record] one's \vote seine Stimme abgeben

2. (election) Abstimmung f, Wahl f

to hold [or take] a \vote eine Abstimmung durchführen

to put sth to the [or a] \vote über etw akk abstimmen lassen

3. (of group) Stimmen pl

the working-class \vote die Stimmen pl der Arbeiterklasse

4. no pl (right)

▪ the \vote das Wahlrecht [o Stimmrecht]

to have the \vote das Wahlrecht [o Stimmrecht] haben

II. vi

1. (elect candidate, measure) wählen

to \vote in an election zu einer Wahl gehen

▪ to \vote against/for sb/sth gegen/für jdn/etw stimmen

2. (formally choose)

▪ to \vote to do sth dafür stimmen [o sich akk dafür aussprechen], etw zu tun

3. (formally decide)

▪ to \vote on sth über etw akk abstimmen

to \vote on a proposal über einen Vorschlag abstimmen

4.

▶ to \vote with one's feet mit den Füßen abstimmen

III. vt

1. (elect)

▪ to \vote sb in jdn wählen

to \vote sb into office jdn ins Amt wählen

to \vote sb out [of office] jdn [aus dem Amt] abwählen

2. (propose)

▪ to \vote that... vorschlagen, dass...

3. (declare)

▪ to \vote sb/sth sth jdn/etw zu etw dat erklären

she was \voted the winner sie wurde zur Siegerin erklärt

the evening was \voted a tremendous success der Abend wurde als überwältigender Erfolg bezeichnet

4. (decide to give)

▪ to \vote sb/sth sth [or sth for [or BRIT to] [or AM towards] sb/sth] etw jdm/etw bewilligen

to \vote £1 million for a project eine Million Pfund für ein Projekt bewilligen

* * *
[vəʊt]
1. n

1) (= expression of opinion) Stimme f; (= act of voting) Abstimmung f, Wahl f; (= result) Abstimmungs- or Wahlergebnis nt

to put sth to the vote — über etw (acc) abstimmen lassen

to take a vote on sth — über etw (acc) abstimmen

elected by popular vote — vom Volk gewählt

the vote for/against the change surprised him — dass für/gegen den Wechsel gestimmt wurde, erstaunte ihn

the vote was 150 to 95 — das Abstimmungsergebnis war 150 zu 95

we would like to offer a vote of thanks to Mr Smith — wir möchten Herrn Smith unseren aufrichtigen Dank aussprechen

See:

→ censure, confidence

2) (= vote cast) Stimme f

to give one's vote to a party/person — einer Partei/jdm seine Stimme geben

single-vote majority — Mehrheit f von einer Stimme

one man one vote — eine Stimme pro Wähler, ein Mann or Bürger, eine Stimme

a photo of the Prime Minister casting his vote —

what's your vote? (in panel game, competition) — wie lautet Ihr Urteil?

he won by 22 votes — er gewann mit einer Mehrheit von 22 Stimmen

10% of the voters invalidated their votes — 10% der Wähler machten ihren Stimmzettel ungültig

3) (POL

collective) the Labour vote — die Labourstimmen pl

the Labour vote has increased — der Stimmenanteil von Labour hat sich erhöht

4) (= franchise) Wahlrecht nt

votes for women! — Wahlrecht für die Frauen!

5) (= money allotted) Bewilligung f

2. vt

1) (= elect) wählen

he was voted chairman — er wurde zum Vorsitzenden gewählt

to vote Labour — Labour wählen

2) (inf: judge) wählen zu

the group voted her the best cook — die Gruppe wählte sie zur besten Köchin

the panel voted the record a miss — die Jury erklärte die Platte für einen Misserfolg

I vote we go back — ich schlage vor, dass wir umkehren

3) (= approve) bewilligen

3. vi
(= cast one's vote) wählen
to vote for/against sth — für/gegen etw stimmen

vote for Clark! — wählen Sie Clark!

to vote with one's feet — mit den Füßen abstimmen

* * *

vote [vəʊt]

A s

1. (Wahl)Stimme f, Votum n:

give one’s vote to ( oder for) seine Stimme geben (dat), stimmen für;

vote for Jastimme; → censure A 1, confidence 1, split A 3

2. Abstimmung f, Stimmabgabe f, Wahl f:

put sth to the vote, take a vote on sth über eine Sache abstimmen lassen;

take the vote die Abstimmung vornehmen, abstimmen

3. Stimmzettel m, Stimme f:

the votes were counted; → cast B 4

4. the vote das Stimm- oder Wahlrecht:

get the vote wahlberechtigt werden

5. the vote koll die Stimmen pl:

the candidate lost the Labour vote;

vote-catcher, vote-getter Wahllokomotive f

6. Wahlergebnis n

7. Beschluss m:

a unanimous vote

8. Bewilligung f, bewilligter Betrag

9. obs

a) Gelübde n

b) glühender Wunsch

B v/i abstimmen, wählen, seine Stimme abgeben:

vote against stimmen gegen;

vote for ( oder in favo[u]r of) stimmen für (a. umg für etwas sein), jemanden wählen;

they voted by 52 to 24 for sie stimmten mit 52 zu 24 für; → against B, favor B 1

C v/t

1. abstimmen über (akk):

vote down niederstimmen;

vote sb in jemanden wählen;

vote sb out (of office) jemanden abwählen;

vote sth through etwas durchbringen;

vote that … dafür sein, dass …; vorschlagen oder beschließen, dass

2. (durch Abstimmung) wählen oder beschließen oder Geld bewilligen

3. umg allgemein erklären für oder halten für oder hinstellen als:

she was voted a beauty

4. vorschlagen:

I vote (that) you avoid her in future

* * *
1. noun
1) (individual vote) Stimme, die

a majority of votes — eine Stimmenmehrheit

my vote goes to X, X has my vote — (fig. coll.) ich stimme od. bin für X

2) (act of voting) Abstimmung, die

take a vote on something — über etwas (Akk.) abstimmen

3) (right to vote)

have/be given or get the vote — das Stimmrecht haben/bekommen

4) (collective) Stimmen; (result) Abstimmungsergebnis, das

the vote in favour of capital punishment — die Stimmenzahl für die Todesstrafe

5) (expression of opinion) Votum, das

give somebody a vote of confidence/no confidence — jemandem sein Vertrauen/Misstrauen aussprechen

vote of confidence/no confidence — Vertrauens-/Misstrauensvotum, das

propose a vote of thanks — eine Dankadresse halten
2. intransitive verb
abstimmen; (in election) wählen

vote for/against — stimmen für/gegen

vote for Smith! — wählen Sie Smith!

vote on a motion — über einen Antrag abstimmen

vote to do something — beschließen, etwas zu tun

vote by ballot/[a] show of hands — mit Stimmzetteln/durch Handzeichen abstimmen

vote Conservative/Labour — etc. die Konservativen/Labour usw. wählen
3. transitive verb
1) (elect)

vote somebody Chairman/President — etc. jemanden zum Vorsitzenden/Präsidenten usw. wählen; (approve)

vote a sum of money for something — einen Betrag für etwas bewilligen

2) (coll.): (pronounce) bezeichnen

vote something a success/failure — etwas als Erfolg/Misserfolg bezeichnen

Phrasal Verbs:

- vote down

- vote in

- vote out

* * *

v.

abstimmen (für) v.

abstimmen v.

stimmen für ausdr.

wählen v. n.

Abstimmung f.

Stimme -n f.

Wahl -en f.

Wahlstimme f.

English-german dictionary > vote
6 party

n

1) партия

2) группа

3) отряд

4) участник, юр. сторона

5) прием ( гостей)

•

to abolish a party — прекращать деятельность партии

to admit to the party — принимать в партию

to allow a political party — разрешать существование политической партии

to ban a party — запрещать партию; объявлять партию вне закона

to be a party to smth — быть причастным к чему-л.

to beat a party into third place — отбросить партию на третье место

to belong to a party — принадлежать какой-л. партии

to bolster a party — оказывать поддержку партии

to call upon the parties to smth — призывать стороны к чему-л.; требовать от сторон чего-л.

to campaign for a party — вести предвыборную кампанию какой-л. партии

to continue as a separate party — продолжать существовать в качестве самостоятельной партии

to create a party — создавать партию

to declare a party illegal — объявлять партию незаконной

to defect from a party — выходить из партии

to dissolve a party — распускать партию

to eject smb from the party — изгонять кого-л. из партии

to emerge from the general election as the biggest single party — получать абсолютное большинство голосов на выборах ( о партии)

to establish a party — создавать партию

to expel smb from a party — исключать кого-л. из партии

to follow a party — быть сторонником какой-л. партии

to form a party — создавать партию

to found a party — основывать партию

to gauge the mood of the party — оценивать настроение партии

to go to the party — обращаться к партии

to harmonize hostile parties — примирять враждующие стороны

to help a party forwards — помогать успеху партии

to hold a party together — сплачивать партию; сохранять единство партии

to infiltrate a party — внедряться в партию

to inflict a smashing defeat on a party — наносить какой-л. партии сокрушительное поражение

to join a party — вступать в партию

to launch a party — создавать партию

to lead a party — руководить партией

to legalize / to legitimize a party — легализовывать / узаконивать партию

to make the party accountable to the congress — делать партию подотчетной съезду

to merge with a party — объединяться с какой-л. партией

to negate a party — отрицать существование партии

to outlaw a party — запрещать партию

to pitchfork a party into a leadership contest — толкать партию на борьбу за место лидера

to place the parties in a position of inequality before the court — ставить стороны в неравное положение перед судом

to plunge a party into a crisis — ввергать партию в кризис

to pull out of the party — выходить из партии ( о фракции)

to purge a party — производить чистку в партии

to purge smb from the party — исключать кого-л. из партии в результате чистки

to push a party into opposition — заставлять партию уйти в оппозицию

to put the party on a good footing to fight for smth — создавать хорошие предпосылки для борьбы партии за что-л.

to quit the party — выходить из партии

to rally around a party — сплачиваться вокруг партии

to rejuvenate a party — омолаживать партию; оживлять деятельность партии

to re-launch a party — возобновлять деятельность партии

to relinquish one's presidency of a party — отказываться от своего поста председателя партии

to renovate a party — обновлять партию

to resign from a party — выходить из партии

to retain one's grip on the party — сохранять свою власть над партией

to return a party to power — вновь приводить партию к власти

to secede from a party — выходить из партии

to set up a party — создавать партию

to shoot past a party — обходить какую-л. партию ( на выборах)

to split the party — раскалывать партию

to stand down from the post of the leader of a party — уходить в отставку с поста лидера партии

to stick with the party — сохранять верность партии

to sweep a party from office — отстранять партию от власти

to switch parties — переходить в другую партию

to switch to another party — переходить в другую партию

to team up with a party — заключать союз с партией

to unite parties — объединять партии

to vote a party out — проваливать партию на выборах

to withdraw from a party — выходить из партии

to write a part's obituary — перен. хоронить партию

- adverse party
- agrarian party
- approved party
- attacking party
- authorized party
- beleaguered party
- breakaway party
- breakup of a party
- center party
- centrist party
- clerical party
- coalition parties
- communist party
- conflicting parties
- Congress party
- Conservative party
- conservative wing of a party
- constitution of a party
- contending parties
- contracting party
- decline center-right parties
- defaulting party
- demise of a political party
- Democratic party
- departure from a party
- disbandment of a party
- disputing parties
- dissolution of a party
- dominant party
- ecological party
- environmentally responsible party
- expulsion from the party
- extreme right-wing party
- far-right party
- feuding parties
- founder of a party
- fraternal party
- fringe party
- fusion of two parties
- G.O.P
- governing party
- Grand Old Party
- grassroot organization of a party
- Green party
- groups outside the party
- guilty party
- hard-line party
- High Contracting Parties
- incumbent party
- independent party
- influential party
- injured party
- interested party
- involved parties
- Labour Party
- landing party
- lay parties
- leading parties
- left party
- leftist party
- left-of-center party
- left-wing party
- legal party
- legitimate party
- Liberal Democratic Party
- liberal party
- Liberal Party
- liberal wing of the party
- mainstream parties
- majority party
- marginalization of a party
- mature party
- merged party
- merger of two parties
- middle-of-the-road party
- middle-road party
- militant and tried party
- minor party
- moderate party
- much-shrunk party
- multiplicity of parties
- national convention of a party
- national-democratic party
- nationalist party
- Nazi party
- new splinter party
- newly formed party
- one's power base in the party
- opposing parties
- opposite party
- opposition party
- parliamentary party
- party at fault
- party has disintegrated
- party in office
- party in power
- party in the war
- party is down one per cent
- party is very much back in its stride
- party is well ahead of all the other parties combined
- party of division
- party of government
- party of privilege
- party of social concern
- party of the people
- party of the right
- party to a case
- party to a conference
- party to a lawsuit
- party to an agreement
- party to conflict
- party to dispute
- party to legal proceedings
- party wedded to a system
- parties concerned
- parties involved
- parties of the government coalition
- parties to a treaty
- parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice
- people's party
- pillar of a party
- political extinction of a party
- political in-fighting within a party
- political party
- progressive party
- pro-reform party
- pro-western party
- purge of the party
- radical party
- raiding party
- reactionary party
- rebels within a party
- reformist party
- registered party
- Republican Party
- rescue party
- revolutionary party
- right party
- right-wing party
- rigidly disciplined party
- routing of a party
- row within the party
- ruling party
- Social Democratic Party
- socialist party
- Social-Liberal Democratic Party
- split within a party over smth
- suspension of political parties
- the biggest single party
- the two parties are split on smth
- third party
- Tory party
- ultra-religious parties
- unity of the party
- viable party
- warring parties
- with the consent of the parties
- working party

Politics english-russian dictionary > party
7 Socialist Party / Partido Socialista

(PS)

   Although the Socialist Party's origins can be traced back to the 1850s, its existence has not been continuous. The party did not achieve or maintain a large base of support until after the Revolution of 25 April 1974. Historically, it played only a minor political role when compared to other European socialist parties.

   During the Estado Novo, the PS found it difficult to maintain a clandestine existence, and the already weak party literally withered away. Different groups and associations endeavored to keep socialist ideals alive, but they failed to create an organizational structure that would endure. In 1964, Mário Soares, Francisco Ramos da Costa, and Manuel Tito de Morais established the Portuguese Socialist Action / Acção Socialista Português (ASP) in Geneva, a group of individuals with similar views rather than a true political party. Most members were middle-class professionals committed to democratizing the nation. The rigidity of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) led some to join the ASP.

   By the early 1970s, ASP nuclei existed beyond Portugal in Paris, London, Rome, Brussels, Frankfurt, Sweden, and Switzerland; these consisted of members studying, working, teaching, researching, or in other activities. Extensive connections were developed with other foreign socialist parties. Changing conditions in Portugal, as well as the colonial wars, led several ASP members to advocate the creation of a real political party, strengthening the organization within Portugal, and positioning this to compete for power once the regime changed.

   The current PS was founded clandestinely on 19 April 1973, by a group of 27 exiled Portuguese and domestic ASP representatives at the Kurt Schumacher Academy of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Bad Munstereifel, West Germany. The founding philosophy was influenced by nondogmatic Marxism as militants sought to create a classless society. The rhetoric was to be revolutionary to outflank its competitors, especially the PCP, on its left. The party hoped to attract reform-minded Catholics and other groups that were committed to democracy but could not support the communists.

   At the time of the 1974 revolution, the PS was little more than an elite faction based mainly among exiles. It was weakly organized and had little grassroots support outside the major cities and larger towns. Its organization did not improve significantly until the campaign for the April 1975 constituent elections. Since then, the PS has become very pragmatic and moderate and has increasingly diluted its socialist program until it has become a center-left party. Among the party's most consistent principles in its platform since the late 1970s has been its support for Portugal's membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Union (EU), a view that clashed with those of its rivals to the left, especially the PCP. Given the PS's broad base of support, the increased distance between its leftist rhetoric and its more conservative actions has led to sharp internal divisions in the party. The PS and the Social Democratic Party (PSD) are now the two dominant parties in the Portuguese political party system.

   In doctrine and rhetoric the PS has undergone a de-Marxification and a movement toward the center as a means to challenge its principal rival for hegemony, the PSD. The uneven record of the PS in general elections since its victory in 1975, and sometimes its failure to keep strong legislative majorities, have discouraged voters. While the party lost the 1979 and 1980 general elections, it triumphed in the 1983 elections, when it won 36 percent of the vote, but it still did not gain an absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic. The PSD led by Cavaco Silva dominated elections from 1985 to 1995, only to be defeated by the PS in the 1995 general elections. By 2000, the PS had conquered the commanding heights of the polity: President Jorge Sampaio had been reelected for a second term, PS prime minister António Guterres was entrenched, and the mayor of Lisbon was João Soares, son of the former socialist president, Mário Soares (1986-96).

   The ideological transformation of the PS occurred gradually after 1975, within the context of a strong PSD, an increasingly conservative electorate, and the de-Marxification of other European Socialist parties, including those in Germany and Scandinavia. While the PS paid less attention to the PCP on its left and more attention to the PSD, party leaders shed Marxist trappings. In the 1986 PS official program, for example, the text does not include the word Marxism.

   Despite the party's election victories in the mid- and late-1990s, the leadership discovered that their grasp of power and their hegemony in governance at various levels was threatened by various factors: President Jorge Sampaio's second term, the constitution mandated, had to be his last.

   Following the defeat of the PS by the PSD in the municipal elections of December 2001, Premier Antônio Guterres resigned his post, and President Sampaio dissolved parliament and called parliamentary elections for the spring. In the 17 March 2002 elections, following Guterres's resignation as party leader, the PS was defeated by the PSD by a vote of 40 percent to 38 percent. Among the factors that brought about the socialists' departure from office was the worsening post-September 11 economy and disarray within the PS leadership circles, as well as charges of corruption among PS office holders. However, the PS won 45 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections of 2005, and the leader of the party, José Sócrates, a self-described "market-oriented socialist" became prime minister.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Socialist Party / Partido Socialista
8 Christian Democratic Party

(CDS) / Centro Democrático E Social; renamed Popular Party ( Partido Popular / PP)

   Established originally as the Centro Democático e Social (CDS) in May 1974, following the fall of the Estado Novo, the CDS was supported by conservatives inspired by Christian humanism and Catholic social doctrines. In the first democratic elections after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which were held on 25 April 1975, the CDS won only a disappointing 7.6 percent of the vote for the Constituent Assembly. In the following general elections for the Assembly of the Republic, in April 1976, however, the party more than doubled its votes to 16 percent and surpassed the number of votes for the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP). In 1979-80, the Christian Democrats joined the Social Democratic Party (PSD) in a coalition called the Aliança Democrática (Democratic Alliance), a grouping that defeated the Socialist Party (PS) in the succeeding elections. The Christian Democrats remained in the background as the principal party rivals for power were the PS and the PSD.

   In the 1990s, the CDS altered its name to the Partido Popular (PP) and featured new leaders such as party chief Paulo Portas. While the democratic Portuguese system had become virtually a two-party dominant system by the 1980s and 1990s, the PP would have opportunities, depending upon circumstances, to share power in another coalition with one of the two larger, major parties, the PS or PSD. Indeed, parliamentary election results in March 2002 gave the party just such an opportunity, as the PP won 14 percent of the vote, thus surpassing for the first time since the 1975 elections the PCP, which was reduced to 12 percent of the vote. The PP thus gained new influence as the PSD, which won the largest number of seats in this election, was obliged to share governance with the PP in order to have a working majority in the legislature.

   Various right-wing lobbies and interest groups influenced the PP. In early 2000, the PP proposed a law to the Assembly of the Republic whereby former colonists, now mainly resident in Portugal, who had lost property in Portugal's former colonies of Angola and Mozambique, would be compensated by Portugal for material losses during decolonization. The PP leadership argued that the manner in which the governments after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 administered the disputed, controversial decolonization process in these territories made the government responsible for compensating Portuguese citizens for such losses. The PS-dominated government of then prime minister, Antônio Guterres, argued, however, that independent governments of those former colonies were responsible for any compensation due. Thus, Guterres declined to accept the proposed legislation. This proposal by the PP and others like it followed upon other proposed laws such as Law 20, 19 June 1997, put before the Assembly of the Republic, which was passed under the aegis of the PS. This law pledged to compensate opposition militants (the survivors) who had opposed the Estado Novo and had spent years in exile, as well as in clandestine activities. Such compensations would come in the form of pensions and social security benefits. Given the strength of conservative constituencies and former settlers' lobbies, it is likely that the Christian Democrats will introduce more such proposed laws in future parliamentary sessions.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Christian Democratic Party
9 pair with

pair with а) подбирать под пару; Try to pair this card with one exactly thesame from the other pack. б) polit. договариваться о неучастии в голосовании(о двух членах противных партий); For this vote, three of our Members pairedwith three from the other party.

Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > pair with
10 right

I
n

1) право; привилегия

- rights and freedoms

- rights and duties

- prescribe the rights and duties

- regulate the rights and duties

- rights under the treaty

- right to cancel a treaty

- right to challenge a candidate

- right to an adequate standard of living

- right to appeal against court decisions

- rights relating to asylum

- right to be elected

- right to be confronted

- right to citizenship

- right to determine the route of transportation

- right to discharge passengers, baggage, cargo and mail

- right to an effective remedy

- right to enforce

- right to enjoy cultural benefits

- right to equality in legal capacity

- right to fly a maritime flag

- right to a free choice of employment

- right to freedom of opinion and expression

- right to freedom of residence

- right to freedom and security of person

- right to an independent existence

- right to invoke a ground for withdrawing

- right to invoke a ground for suspending the operation of a treaty

- right to invoke a ground for invalidating a treaty

- right to invoke a ground for terminating a treaty

- right to independence

- right to housing

- right to know

- right to land for technical and commercial purposes at the terminal point of the agreed route

- right to leave any country including his own and to return to his country

- right to life, liberty and security of person

- right to national independence and sovereignty

- right to a nationality

- right to nationalization or transfer of ownership to its nationals

- right to privatisation

- right to own property

- right to pardon

- right to pick up passengers, baggage, cargo and mail

- right to protection against unemployment

- right to protection of the law

- right to ratification

- right to exist

- right to reclaim one's natural resources

- right to recognition

- right to residence

- right to rest and leisure

- right to restitution and full compensation for the exploitation and depletion of, and damages to the natural and all other resources

- right to self-determination

- right to social security

- right to take part in cultural life

- right to take part in government

- right to travel

- right to work

- right to terminate contract

- right to vote

- with a right to vote

- without a right to vote

- in one's own right

- abandonment of rights

- deliberate abandonment of rights

- abuse of rights

- exercise of rights

- flouting of the lawful rights

- loss of a right to

- movement for rights

- mutuality of rights and obligations

- nature and extent of the right and the responsibility of a coastal state

- preservation of rights

- recognition of the rights of man

- reservation of a right

- restriction of rights and freedoms

- reversion of rights

- reversion of rights to

- suspension of a right

- suspension of the rights of membership

- right in personam

- accord a right

- abuse the rights

- acquire a right

- affect the right of the vessels

- annul rights

- arrogate to oneself a right

- assert upon one's rights

- stand upon one's rights

- call the rights into existence

- confer on smb. special rights

- contest a right

- deny a right

- claim a right

- disclaim a right

- enjoy a right

- enjoy one's rights

- enjoy full political rights

- exercise a right

- broaden the rights

- exercise civil and political rights

- exercise one's right to vote

- expand the rights

- give a right

- give a state the right to perform certain acts on the territory of another state

- grant the rights

- grant certain rights to foreign citizens

- grant the right to navigation

- have certain rights

- nullify the rights

- possess a right

- renounce tacitly one's rights

- prejudice smb.'s rights

- protect the rights

- reserve the right to do smth.

- reserve the right to terminate the contract

- reserve to oneself the right to do smth.

- vest a right

2) правильность, справедливость

- be in the right

- defend the right

3) обыкн. pl действительные факты, истинное положение вещей

•

- right of free access to the sea

- equal rights of nations large and small

- right of exploitation of the surface and the subsoil

- right of self-defence

- right of protection over citizens abroad

- observance of human rights

- personal rights

- realization of human rights

- right of access to public service

- treaty rights

- impair the treaty rights

- right of collective self-defence

- preferential right

- active right of legation

- semi-automatic drawing rights in IMF

- safeguard sovereign rights

- right of common

- ascertainable right

- State right

- right of individual petition

- right of economic cooperation

- natural rights

- mineral rights

- navigation right

- right of association and of assembly

- promotion of human rights

- inalienable right

- sole right

- oil rights

- right of landing

- conception of the inherent rights of man

- right of intervention

- fundamental human rights

- acquired rights

- right of visit and search

- suppression of human rights

- right of existence

- property rights

- protection of human rights

- right of equal access to public service

- equal rights

- allocation of special drawing rights

- preferred right

- right of expatriation

- fishery right in waters

- right of territorial and personal supremacy

- right of sanctuary

- right of emigration

- drawing rights in IMF

- rights of mankind

- usurped rights

- basic rights

- right of possession, enjoyment and disposal

- defence of human rights

- right of search

- private right

- repression of human rights

- right of correction

- right of veto

- right of protection

- legitimate right

- right of option

- inherent right

- right of individual self-defence

- right of stopping and anchoring

- right of appeal

- mutual right

- right of sovereignty over the air

- right of intercourse

- right of every state to dispose of its wealth and its natural resources

- passive right of legation

- right of priority

- right of succession

- extend the right of asylum

- enjoying equal rights

- priority right

- special drawing rights

- right of inspection

- right of navigation

- right of legation

- connive at the violation of human rights

- right of withdrawal

- civil rights

- proprietary or quasi-proprietary rights

- inalienable and imprescriptible right

- enjoy the right of innocent passage

- fundamental rights

- respect for human rights

- right of the people to decide their own destiny

- repatriation rights

- right of chapel

- sacred human right

- respect fundamental rights of aliens

- right of transit

- right of everyone to an adequate standard of living

- sovereign rights

- right of denunciation

- human rights

- right of action

- right of visit

- accord women equal rights with men

- trade union rights

- enjoy equal rights

- belligerent rights

- violation of human rights

- water rights

- right of approach

- right of communication

- right of war

- concede belligerent rights

- right of expulsion

- prescriptive right

- rights of aliens

- right of asylum

- vested rights

- intellectual and industrial property rights

- prior right

- patent rights

- right of nations to sovereignty over their natural resources

- right of fishing

- right of passage

- right of parties to be heard by the court

- exercising equal rights

- right of fishery

- right of nations to self-determination

- international recognition of human rights

- exclusive right of establishment

- sanctuary right

- right of jurisdiction

- enjoy the right of active and passive legation

- right of holding and acquiring territory

- natural right of man

- right of self-preservation

- right of visitation

- trample human rights

- rights of states of transit

- social, economic, political and personal rights and freedoms

- right of innocent passage

- right of seizure
II
1. n ( the Right) собир. полит.

правая партия, правые, консерваторы

- parties of the right

2. a (часто Right) полит.

правый, реакционный

- right wing of a party

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > right
11 line

line [laɪn]

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1. noun

2. transitive verb

3. compounds

4. Phrasal Verbs

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1. noun

   a. ( = mark) ligne f ; ( = pen stroke) trait m

• to put a line through sth barrer qch

• to draw a line under sth (in exercise book) tirer un trait sous qch

• line by line ligne par ligne

   b. ( = boundary) frontière f

• there's a fine line between genius and madness il n'y a qu'un pas du génie à la folie

   c. ( = wrinkle) ride f

   d. ( = shape) the rounded lines of this car les lignes fpl arrondies de cette voiture

• clothes that follow the lines of the body des vêtements qui épousent les formes fpl du corps

   e. ( = rope) corde f ; (Fishing) ligne f ; ( = washing line) corde f à linge

   f. (for phone) ligne f

• it's a bad line la ligne est mauvaise

• the line's gone dead (during conversation) on a été coupé

• the lines are down les lignes ont été coupées

• the line is engaged la ligne est occupée

• Mr Smith is on the line j'ai M. Smith en ligne

   g. [of writing] ligne f ; [of poem] vers m ; ( = letter) (inf) mot m

• new line (in dictation) à la ligne

• a six-line stanza une strophe de six vers

• drop me a line (inf) envoyez-moi un petit mot

• to read between the lines lire entre les lignes

• lines (as school punishment) lignes fpl à copier

• to learn one's lines [actor] apprendre son texte

   h. (US = queue) file f (d'attente)

• to form a line faire la queue

• to wait in line faire la queue

   i. ( = row) [of trees, parked cars, hills] rangée f ; [of cars in traffic jam] file f ; [of people] (side by side) rang m ; (one behind another) file f ; ( = assembly line) chaîne f

• they sat in a line in front of him ils se sont assis en rang devant lui

• to fall into line s'aligner

• to fall into line with sb ( = conform) se ranger à l'avis de qn

   j. ( = succession) série f ; ( = descent) lignée f

• the latest in a long line of tragedies la dernière d'une longue série de tragédies

• in a direct line from en droite ligne de

   k. ( = route) ligne f

• the Cunard Line la compagnie Cunard

• the New York-Southampton line la ligne New York-Southampton

   l. ( = track) voie f

• the line was blocked for several hours la voie a été bloquée plusieurs heures

• cross the line by the footbridge empruntez la passerelle pour traverser la voie

   m. ( = direction) the broad lines [of story, plan] les grandes lignes fpl

• line of argument raisonnement m

• line of research axe m de recherche

• you're on the right lines vous êtes sur la bonne voie

• on ethnic lines selon des critères ethniques

   n. ( = stance) position f ; ( = argument) argument m

• they voted against the government line ils ont voté contre la position adoptée par le gouvernement

• they came out with their usual line (inf) ils ont sorti leur argument habituel

• to take a strong line on... se montrer ferme sur...

   o. ( = field) (inf) line of business secteur m d'activité

• it's a profitable line of business c'est un secteur d'activité très rentable

• you must be very aware of that in your line of business vous devez en être très conscient dans votre métier

• what's your line of business? que faites-vous dans la vie ?

• we're in the same line of business nous sommes dans la même branche

• cocktail parties are not my line les cocktails, ce n'est pas mon truc (inf)

• he's got a nice line in rude jokes il connaît plein d'histoires cochonnes (inf)

   p. ( = product) this lager is the shop's best selling line cette bière blonde est ce qui se vend le mieux

   q. ( = course) in the line of duty dans l'exercice de ses (or mes etc) fonctions

• it's all in the line of duty (inf) ça fait partie du boulot (inf)

   r. ( = spiel) to give sb a line (inf) baratiner (inf) qn

   s. (in battle) ligne f

• in the front line en première ligne

• behind (the) enemy lines derrière les lignes ennemies

   t. (set structures)

► along the line

• all along the line ( = constantly) toujours ; ( = everywhere) partout

• didn't I tell you that all along the line? c'est ce que je n'ai pas arrêté de te dire

• they've been involved all along the line ils y participent depuis le début

• somewhere along the line he got an engineering degree je ne sais pas exactement quand, il a décroché son diplôme d'ingénieur► along... lines

• he'd already said something along those lines il avait déjà dit quelque chose du même genre

• we are all thinking along the same lines nous sommes tous du même avis

• I hope we'll continue along the same lines j'espère que nous continuerons sur cette lancée

• along political/racial lines selon des critères politiques/raciaux► in line

• to keep sb in line faire tenir qn tranquille

• if the Prime Minister fails to keep the rebels in line si le Premier ministre ne réussit pas à maîtriser les éléments rebelles

• to be in line for a job être sur les rangs pour un emploi

• our system is broadly in line with that of other countries notre système correspond plus ou moins à celui des autres pays► into line

• to come into line [person, group] se conformer ( with à)

• to bring sth into line with sth aligner qch sur qch► on line ( = on computer) en ligne

• to come on line [power station, machine] entrer en service► on the line ( = at stake) (inf) en jeu

• my job is on the line mon emploi est en jeu

• to put one's reputation on the line mettre sa réputation en jeu

• to put o.s. on the line prendre de gros risques► out of line (inf)

he was completely out of line to suggest that... ( = unreasonable) il n'aurait vraiment pas dû suggérer que...

• he is out of line with his party ( = in conflict) il est en décalage par rapport à son parti

• their debts are completely out of line with their incomes leur endettement est tout à fait disproportionné par rapport à leurs revenus

2. transitive verb

   a. ( = mark) [+ face] marquer

• his face was lined with exhaustion il avait le visage marqué par la fatigue

• lined paper papier m réglé

   b. ( = put lining in) [+ clothes, box] doubler ( with de ) ; [+ inside of tank, container] revêtir

• to line one's pockets se remplir les poches

• eat something to line your stomach ne reste pas l'estomac vide

• cheering crowds lined the route une foule enthousiaste faisait la haie tout le long du parcours

• the road was lined with trees la route était bordée d'arbres

3. compounds

► line dancing noun sorte de danse country

► line judge noun juge m de ligne

► line manager noun (British) supérieur m hiérarchique

► line of attack noun plan m d'attaque ; (figurative) plan m d'action

► line of communication noun ligne f de communication

• to keep the lines of communication open with sb ne pas rompre le dialogue avec qn ► line of fire noun ligne f de tir

• right in the line of fire en plein dans la ligne de tir ► line of vision noun champ m de vision

► line-out noun touche f

► line-up noun [of people] file f ; ( = identity parade) séance f d'identification (d'un suspect) ; (Football) composition f de l'équipe f

• the new line-up la nouvelle équipe

4. Phrasal Verbs

► line up

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = stand in row) se mettre en rang(s) ; ( = stand in queue) faire la queue

   b. ( = align o.s.) to line up against sb/sth se liguer contre qn/qch

• to line up behind sth défendre qch

• most senators lined up in support of the president la plupart des sénateurs ont soutenu le président

• to line up with sb se ranger du côté de qn

2. separable transitive verb

   a. [+ people, objects] aligner

• line them up against the wall alignez-les contre le mur

• they were lined up and shot on les a alignés pour les fusiller

   b. ( = find) (inf)

trouver

• we must line up a chairman for the meeting il faut que nous trouvions un président pour la réunion

• have you got something lined up for this evening? est-ce que tu as prévu quelque chose pour ce soir ?

• have you got someone lined up? avez-vous quelqu'un en vue ?

• I wonder what he's got lined up for us je me demande ce qu'il nous prépare

* * *
[laɪn] 1.
noun

1) gen, Sport ligne f; (shorter, thicker) trait m; Art trait m

a straight/curved line — une ligne droite/courbe

to put a line through something — barrer quelque chose

the line AB — ( in geometry) la droite AB

2) (of people, cars) file f; ( of trees) rangée f

in straight lines — [plant, arrange] en lignes droites

to be in line — [buildings] être dans l'alignement

put the desks in line — alignez les bureaux

3) fig

to be in line for promotion — avoir des chances d'être promu

you're next in line — ça va être ton tour

in line for — bien placé pour obtenir

4) ( queue) file f

to stand in ou wait in line — faire la queue

to form a line — [people] faire la queue

please form a line — mettez-vous en file s'il vous plaît

5) ( on face) ride f

6) Architecture ( outline shape) ligne f (of de)

7) ( boundary) frontière f

there's a fine line between knowledge and pedantry — de la culture à la pédanterie il n'y a qu'un pas

8) ( rope) corde f; ( for fishing) ligne f

to put the washing on the line — étendre le linge

9) ( cable) Electricity ligne f (électrique)

10) Telecommunications ( connection) ligne f

to be on the line to somebody — être en ligne avec quelqu'un

to get off the line — (colloq) raccrocher

at the other end of the line — au bout du fil

the line is dead — il n'y a pas de tonalité

the line went dead — la ligne a été coupée

11) ( rail route) ligne f ( between entre); ( rails) voie f; (shipping company, airline) compagnie f

12) ( in genealogy) lignée f

the male line — la lignée par les hommes

the Tudor line — la maison des Tudor

to trace one's line back to somebody — retracer son ascendance jusqu'à quelqu'un

she is second in line to the throne — elle est la deuxième dans l'ordre de succession au trône

13) ( in prose) ligne f; ( in poetry) vers m; ( of music) ligne f

100 lines — 100 lignes

to start a new line — aller à la ligne

a line from — une citation de [poem etc]

he has all the best lines — il a les meilleures répliques

to learn one's lines — Theatre apprendre son texte

14) ( conformity)

to fall into line with — s'aligner sur

to bring somebody into line — ramener quelqu'un dans le rang

to bring regional laws into line with federal laws — harmoniser les lois régionales et les lois fédérales

to keep somebody in line — tenir quelqu'un en main

our prices are out of line with those of our competitors — nos prix ne s'accordent pas avec ceux de nos concurrents

you're way out of line! — (colloq) franchement, tu exagères!

15) (colloq) ( piece of information)

to have a line on something — avoir des informations sur quelque chose

don't give me that line! — ne me raconte pas ces histoires!

16) ( stance)

the official line — la position officielle

something along these lines — quelque chose dans le même genre

to be on the right lines — être sur la bonne voie

to take a firm line with somebody — se montrer ferme avec quelqu'un

I don't know what line to take — je ne sais pas quelle ligne de conduite adopter

17) ( type of product) gamme f

18) Military

enemy lines — lignes fpl ennemies

19) ( equator)

the line — la ligne

20) (colloq) ( of cocaine) ligne (colloq) f (of de)
2.
in line with prepositional phrase en accord avec [policy, trend]

to increase in line with — augmenter proportionnellement à

to vary in line with — varier parallèlement à
3.
transitive verb doubler [garment] ( with avec); tapisser [box, shelf] ( with de); [spectators] border [route]

Phrasal Verbs:

- line up

••

all along the line —

right down the line — sur toute la ligne

somewhere along the line — ( at point in time) à un certain moment; ( at stage) quelque part

English-French dictionary > line
12 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
13 swing

swiŋ
1. past tense, past participle - swung; verb
1) (to (cause to) move or sway in a curve (from side to side or forwards and backwards) from a fixed point: You swing your arms when you walk; The children were swinging on a rope hanging from a tree; The door swung open; He swung the load on to his shoulder.) balancearse; girar, doblar

2) (to walk with a stride: He swung along the road.) caminar a zancadas, caminar a paso ligero

3) (to turn suddenly: He swung round and stared at them; He is hoping to swing the voters in his favour.) girar(se); cambiar

2. noun
1) (an act, period, or manner, of swinging: He was having a swing on the rope; Most golfers would like to improve their swing.) balanceo, vaivén, oscilación; (golf) swing

2) (a swinging movement: the swing of the dancers' skirts.) vaivén, balanceo, oscilación

3) (a strong dancing rhythm: The music should be played with a swing.) ritmo; (jazz) swing

4) (a change in public opinion etc: a swing away from the government.) giro, viraje, cambio

5) (a seat for swinging, hung on ropes or chains from a supporting frame etc.) columpio

•

- swinging
- swing bridge
- swing door
- be in full swing
- get into the swing of things
- get into the swing
- go with a swing

swing¹ n columpio

be careful on the swing, you might fall off cuidado en el columpio, puedes caerte

swing² vb

1. columpiarse

the boy was swinging on a rope el chico se columpiaba en una cuerda

2. mecerse / oscilar / balancearse

the door was swinging in the wind la puerta se mecía con el viento

El pasado y participio pasado de swing es swung

swing m inv
1 Mús (estilo de jazz) swing
2 fig (tensión interpretativa) ese cantante tiene mucho swing, this singer has got rhythm
3 Dep (efecto de golpear la pelota de golf) ese jugador tiene muy buen swing, this player has a good swing ' swing' also found in these entries: Spanish: balancear - balancearse - bambolearse - columpiar - columpiarse - columpio - desplazarse - mecerse - oscilar - vaivén - contonearse - hamaca - hamacar - mecer - puente English: cat - follow through - forehand - swing - swing door - swung - swinging - wave

swing

tr[swɪŋ]

noun

1 (movement) balanceo, vaivén nombre masculino; (of pendulum) oscilación nombre femenino, vaivén nombre masculino; (of hips) contoneo

2 (plaything) columpio

3 (change, shift) giro, viraje nombre masculino, cambio

4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in golf, boxing) swing nombre masculino

5 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (jazz style) swing nombre masculino; (rhythm) ritmo

intransitive verb (pt & pp swung tr[swʌŋ])

1 (hanging object) balancearse, bambolearse; (pendulum) oscilar; (arms, legs) menearse; (child on swing) columpiarse; (on a pivot) mecerse

■ the lightbulb was swinging from a flex la bombilla se balanceaba de un cable

■ the gate was swinging in the wind la puerta se mecía con el viento

2 (drive) girar, doblar; (walk) caminar con energía; (jump) saltar

■ the car swung into the drive el coche dobló por el camino de entrada

■ the monkey swung from tree to tree el mono saltaba de árbol en árbol

3 (shift) cambiar, oscilar, virar

■ the electorate has swung to the right el electorado ha virado a la derecha

■ her moods swing drastically tiene muchos cambios de humor

4 (music, band) tener ritmo; (party) estar muy animado,-a

transitive verb

1 (gen) balancear, bambolear; (arms, legs) balancear; (child on swing) columpiar, balancear; (object on rope) hacer oscilar

■ she swung her bag as she walked along balanceaba la bolsa al andar

■ she swings her hips se contonea

2 (cause to move) hacer girar

■ he swung the rucksack onto his back se echó la mochila a la espalda

3 (change) cambiar

■ they are trying to swing public opinion intentan cambiar la opinión pública

4 familiar (arrange, achieve) arreglar

■ I'll see if I can swing it for you to come miraré de arreglarlo para que puedas venir

■ he managed to swing the deal logró cerrar el trato

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in full swing en plena marcha, en pleno apogeo

it's swings and roundabouts lo que se pierde acá se gana allá

to get into the swing of something coger el ritmo de algo, cogerle el tranquillo a algo

to go with a swing ir sobre ruedas

to swing for something colgarle algo a alguien

to swing into action ponerse en marcha

to swing open/shut (door) abrirse/cerrarse (de golpe)

to swing the lead (intentar) escaquearse, poner excusas para no trabajar

to take a swing at somebody/something asestar un golpe a alguien/algo, intentar darle a alguien/algo

swing bridge puente nombre masculino giratorio

swing door puerta giratoria

swing ['swɪŋ] v, swung ['swʌŋ] ; swinging vt

1) : describir una curva con

he swung the ax at the tree: le dio al arbol con el hacha

2) : balancear (los brazos, etc.), hacer oscilar

3) suspend: colgar

swing vi

1) sway: balancearse (dícese de los brazos, etc.), oscilar (dícese de un objeto), columpiarse, mecerse (en un columpio)

2) swivel: girar (en un pivote)

the door swung shut: la puerta se cerró

3) change: virar, cambiar (dícese de las opiniones, etc.)

swing n

1) swinging: vaivén m, balanceo m

2) change, shift: viraje m, movimiento m

3) : columpio m (para niños)

4)

to take a swing at someone : intentar pegarle a alguien

swing

n.

• balanceo s.m.

• columpio s.m.

• oscilación s.f.

• vaivén s.m.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: swung) = balancear v.

• balancearse v.

• bambalear v.

• cimbrar v.

• columpiar v.

• girar v.

• hacer oscilar v.

• hamaquear v.

• mecer v.

• menear v.

• ondear v.

• remecer v.

I
1. swɪŋ
(past & past p swung) intransitive verb

1)

a) (hang, dangle) balancearse; ( on a swing) columpiarse or (RPl) hamacarse*; \<\<pendulum\>\> oscilar

b) ( convey oneself)

the monkeys swung from tree to tree — los monos saltaban de árbol en árbol colgados or (Col, Méx, Ven) guindados de las ramas (or de las lianas etc)

2)

a) ( move on pivot)

the door swung open/shut o to — la puerta se abrió/se cerró

the door was swinging in the wind — la puerta se mecía con el viento

b) ( turn) girar or doblar ( describiendo una curva)

the ball swung away — la pelota salió desviada

3) (shift, change) \<\<opinion/mood\>\> cambiar, oscilar

his views swing from one extreme to another — sus ideas pasan de un extremo a otro

the country is swinging to the left — el país está virando or dando un viraje hacia la izquierda

4)

a)

to swing into something — \<\<into action/operation\>\>

the emergency plans swung into operation/action — se pusieron en marcha los planes de emergencia

b) ( attempt to hit)

to swing AT somebody/something — intentar pegarle or darle a alguien/algo

5) (be lively, up to date) (colloq) \<\<party\>\> estar* muy animado

2.

vt

1) ( move to and fro) \<\<arms/legs\>\> balancear; \<\<object on rope\>\> hacer* oscilar

to swing one's hips — contonearse, contonear or menear las caderas

2)

a) ( convey)

he swung himself into the saddle — se montó en la silla de un salto

he swung his suitcase up onto the rack — subío la maleta al portaequipaje de un envión

b) (wave, brandish) \<\<club/hammer\>\> blandir

3)

a) (colloq) ( manage) arreglar

if you want that job, I think I can swing it — si quieres ese puesto, creo que puedo arreglarlo

b) ( shift)

this could swing the vote our way — esto podría inclinar la votación a nuestro favor

he managed to swing public opinion behind him — logró poner a la opinión pública de su lado

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- swing around

II

noun

1)

a) c u ( movement) oscilación f, vaivén m

b) c ( distance) arco que describe un objeto que oscila

c) c (blow, stroke) golpe m; (in golf, boxing) swing m

to take a swing at somebody/something — intentar darle a alguien/algo (con un palo, una raqueta etc)

2) c

a) ( shift) cambio m

a swing in public opinion — un cambio or un viraje en la opinión pública

a swing back to traditional values — una vuelta a los valores tradicionales

the swings of the market — ( Fin) las fluctuaciones del mercado

b) ( Pol) viraje m

a swing to the Democrats of 4% — un viraje del 4% en favor de los demócratas

3)

a) u c (rhythm, vitality)

there was a swing in her step — andaba con brío

to be in full swing — estar* en pleno desarrollo

the party was in full swing — la fiesta estaba ya muy animada

exams are in full swing — estamos (or están etc) en plena época de exámenes

to get into the swing of something — agarrarle el ritmo or (Esp) cogerle* el tranquillo a algo

to go with a swing — \<\<business/conference\>\> marchar sobre ruedas; \<\<party\>\> estar* muy animado

b) u ( Mus) swing m

4) c ( Leisure) columpio m or (RPl) hamaca f

to have a swing — columpiarse or (RPl) hamacarse*

it's a question of swings and roundabouts — (BrE) lo que se pierde en una cosa se gana en la otra

[swɪŋ] (vb: pt, pp swung)
1. N

1) (=movement) [of needle, pointer, boom] movimiento m ; [of pick, axe] movimiento m (amplio); [of pendulum] oscilación f, movimiento m ; (Boxing, Cricket, Golf) (=technique) swing m

with a quick swing of his axe he felled the young tree — con un amplio y rápido movimiento del hacha taló el arbolito

he was out on the course practising his swing — estaba en el campo de golf practicando su swing

• to take a swing at sb * — (with fist) intentar darle un puñetazo a algn; (with weapon) intentar darle un golpe a algn

the golfer took a swing at the ball — el golfista intentó darle a la pelota

2) (=change) (in opinion) cambio m ; (in vote) desplazamiento m

• a sudden swing in opinion — un cambio repentino de opinión

• they need a swing of 5% to win — necesitan un desplazamiento de los votos de un 5% para ganar

the swings of the market — las fluctuaciones del mercado

• a swing to the left — un viraje or desplazamiento hacia la izquierda

3) (=rhythm) (in dance etc) ritmo m

to walk with a swing (in one's step) — andar rítmicamente

music/poetry with a swing to it or that goes with a swing — música/poesía con ritmo or que tiene ritmo

- go with a swing

- be in full swing

- get into the swing of things

4) (also: swing music) swing m, música f swing

5) (=scope, freedom)

• he was given full swing to make decisions — le dieron carta blanca para que tomara decisiones

he gave his imagination full swing — dio rienda suelta a su imaginación

6) (=garden swing) columpio m

• to have a swing — columpiarse

- it's swings and roundabouts

2. VI

1) (=move to and fro) [hanging object, hammock] balancearse; [pendulum, pointer] oscilar; [person] (on swing, hammock) columpiarse

it swings in the wind — se balancea al viento

he was sitting on the end of the table, his legs swinging — estaba sentado en el borde de la mesa, columpiando las piernas

• her handbag swung back and forth or to and fro as she walked — su bolso se balanceaba (de un lado al otro) al andar

the pendulum swung back and forth or to and fro — el péndulo oscilaba or se movía de un lado para otro

• a revolver swung from his belt — un revólver colgaba de su cinturón

he was swinging from a trapeze — se columpiaba colgado de un trapecio

2) (=pivot) girar

the door swings on its hinges — la puerta gira sobre sus goznes

• he was hit by the car door as it swung back — la puerta del coche le golpeó al volver a cerrarse

• to swing open/ shut — abrirse/cerrarse

• the bar swung round and hit him in the jaw — la barra giró y le dio en la mandíbula

- now the pendulum has swung back the other way

3)

• to swing at sb (with one's fist) — intentar dar un puñetazo a algn

he swung at me with an axe — intentó darme (un golpe) con un hacha

he swung at the ball — intentó dar a la pelota

4) (=turn)

• the car swung into the square — el coche viró or dio un viraje y entró en la plaza

he swung out to overtake — viró or dio un viraje para adelantar
swing round
5) (=jump)

• he swung across the river on a rope — cruzó el río colgado de una cuerda

• I swung down from my bunk — salté de mi litera

• the orang-utang swung from tree to tree — el orangután se columpiaba de árbol en árbol

- swing into action

6) (=move rhythmically)

a group of schoolchildren were swinging along up the road — un grupo de colegiales subían por la calle, andando al compás

as the military band went swinging along up the road... — a medida que la banda militar marchaba siguiendo el compás calle arriba...

music that really swings — música que tiene mucho ritmo

7) * (=be hanged)

he'll swing for it — le colgarán por eso

8) (=change)

• local opinion could swing against the company — la opinión local podría cambiar y ponerse en contra de la empresa

• the balance of power is swinging away from him — la balanza del poder se está inclinando hacia el lado contrario al suyo

• the currency should swing back to its previous level — es de esperar que las divisas vuelvan a su nivel anterior

• to swing to the left/right — dar un viraje hacia la izquierda or derecha

9) (Psych) [mood] cambiar

his mood swings wildly — le cambia el humor de forma descontrolada

10) * (=be lively) [entertainment, party] ambientarse; [place] tener ambiente

the party's beginning to swing — la fiesta está empezando a ambientarse

11) ** (sexually)

everyone seemed to be swinging in those days — en aquellos tiempos parecía que a todo el mundo le iba la marcha **

- swing both ways

3. VT

1) (=move to and fro) [+ bag, arms, legs] columpiar, balancear

• he was swinging his bag back and forth or to and fro — columpiaba or balanceaba la bolsa de un lado al otro

• to swing one's hips — andar contoneándose

- there isn't enough room in here to swing a cat

- swing the lead

2) (=pivot) [+ door]

he swung the door open/closed — abrió/cerró la puerta de un golpe

3) (=move)

a) [+ weapon] blandir

• he swung his sword above his head — blandió la espada por encima de la cabeza

• he swung his axe at the tree — blandió el hacha con intención de darle al árbol

he swung his racket at the ball — intentó darle a la pelota con la raqueta

• he swung his case down from the rack — bajó su maleta de la rejilla portaequipajes con un rápido movimiento del brazo

• Roy swung his legs off the couch — Roy quitó rápidamente las piernas del sofá

• he swung the box up onto the roof of the car — con un amplio movimiento de brazos, puso la caja en el techo del coche

he swung the case up onto his shoulder — se echó la maleta a los hombros

b) (reflexive)

• he swung himself across the stream — cruzó el arroyo de un salto

• to swing o.s. (up) into the saddle — subirse a la silla de montar de un salto

• he swung himself over the wall — saltó la tapia apoyándose en un brazo

4) (=turn)

• he swung the car off the road — viró con el coche y se salió de la carretera

5) (=influence) [+ opinion, decision, vote, voters] decidir; [+ outcome] determinar, decidir

• his speech swung the decision against us — su discurso dio un giro a la decisión desfavorable para nosotros

• the promised tax cuts could swing the vote in our favour — los recortes prometidos en los impuestos podrían hacer cambiar el voto a nuestro favor

• she managed to swing it so that we could all go — consiguió arreglarlo para que todos pudiéramos ir

what swung it for me was... — lo que me decidió fue...

• it could swing the election his way — podría decidir el resultado de las elecciones a su favor

6) (Mus) [+ tune] tocar con swing

4.

CPD

swing band N — (Mus) banda f de música swing

swing bin N — cubo m de la basura (con tapa oscilante)

swing bridge N — puente m giratorio

swing door N — puerta f de batiente, puerta f de vaivén

swing music N — música f swing

swing vote N — (esp US) voto m de los indecisos

swing voter N — (esp US) indeciso(-a) m / f

- swing by

- swing round

- swing to

* * *

I
1. [swɪŋ]
(past & past p swung) intransitive verb

1)

a) (hang, dangle) balancearse; ( on a swing) columpiarse or (RPl) hamacarse*; \<\<pendulum\>\> oscilar

b) ( convey oneself)

the monkeys swung from tree to tree — los monos saltaban de árbol en árbol colgados or (Col, Méx, Ven) guindados de las ramas (or de las lianas etc)

2)

a) ( move on pivot)

the door swung open/shut o to — la puerta se abrió/se cerró

the door was swinging in the wind — la puerta se mecía con el viento

b) ( turn) girar or doblar ( describiendo una curva)

the ball swung away — la pelota salió desviada

3) (shift, change) \<\<opinion/mood\>\> cambiar, oscilar

his views swing from one extreme to another — sus ideas pasan de un extremo a otro

the country is swinging to the left — el país está virando or dando un viraje hacia la izquierda

4)

a)

to swing into something — \<\<into action/operation\>\>

the emergency plans swung into operation/action — se pusieron en marcha los planes de emergencia

b) ( attempt to hit)

to swing AT somebody/something — intentar pegarle or darle a alguien/algo

5) (be lively, up to date) (colloq) \<\<party\>\> estar* muy animado

2.

vt

1) ( move to and fro) \<\<arms/legs\>\> balancear; \<\<object on rope\>\> hacer* oscilar

to swing one's hips — contonearse, contonear or menear las caderas

2)

a) ( convey)

he swung himself into the saddle — se montó en la silla de un salto

he swung his suitcase up onto the rack — subío la maleta al portaequipaje de un envión

b) (wave, brandish) \<\<club/hammer\>\> blandir

3)

a) (colloq) ( manage) arreglar

if you want that job, I think I can swing it — si quieres ese puesto, creo que puedo arreglarlo

b) ( shift)

this could swing the vote our way — esto podría inclinar la votación a nuestro favor

he managed to swing public opinion behind him — logró poner a la opinión pública de su lado

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- swing around

II

noun

1)

a) c u ( movement) oscilación f, vaivén m

b) c ( distance) arco que describe un objeto que oscila

c) c (blow, stroke) golpe m; (in golf, boxing) swing m

to take a swing at somebody/something — intentar darle a alguien/algo (con un palo, una raqueta etc)

2) c

a) ( shift) cambio m

a swing in public opinion — un cambio or un viraje en la opinión pública

a swing back to traditional values — una vuelta a los valores tradicionales

the swings of the market — ( Fin) las fluctuaciones del mercado

b) ( Pol) viraje m

a swing to the Democrats of 4% — un viraje del 4% en favor de los demócratas

3)

a) u c (rhythm, vitality)

there was a swing in her step — andaba con brío

to be in full swing — estar* en pleno desarrollo

the party was in full swing — la fiesta estaba ya muy animada

exams are in full swing — estamos (or están etc) en plena época de exámenes

to get into the swing of something — agarrarle el ritmo or (Esp) cogerle* el tranquillo a algo

to go with a swing — \<\<business/conference\>\> marchar sobre ruedas; \<\<party\>\> estar* muy animado

b) u ( Mus) swing m

4) c ( Leisure) columpio m or (RPl) hamaca f

to have a swing — columpiarse or (RPl) hamacarse*

it's a question of swings and roundabouts — (BrE) lo que se pierde en una cosa se gana en la otra

English-spanish dictionary > swing
14 solid

ˈsɔlɪd
1. прил.
1) твердый( об агрегатном состоянии вещества)
2) а) сплошной;
цельный, без пробелов;
непрерывный solid printing ≈ набор без шпонов solid square ≈ (сплошное) каре б) пишущийся слитно, без дефиса
3) массивный( не содержащий полостей)
4) а) прочный, крепкий;
солидный (чаще всего ≈ о телосложении) б) плотный, основательный (напр., о приеме пищи) to have a solid meal ≈ плотно поесть ∙ Syn: compact
5) основательный, надежный;
солидный;
веский solid argument ≈ веский довод
6) единодушный, единогласный, сплоченный The faction was solid for its views. ≈ Фракция твердо стояла на своих позициях.
7) а) чистый, неразбавленный;
без примесей б) сл. отличный, хороший, качественный
8) мат. кубический, пространственный, трехмерный ∙ the Solid South амер. ≈ южные штаты, традиционно голосующие за демократическую партию
2. сущ.
1) физ. твердое тело
2) мат. тело
3) мн. твердая пища
4) порода, массив (угля или руды)
3. нареч.
1) единогласно Syn: unanimously
2) полностью, целиком( физическое) твердое тело (математика) тело - regular * правильное (геометрическое) тело - * revolution тело вращения твердая пища - no *s to be given to the patient кормить пациента только жидкой пищей твердое вещество - milk *s сухой остаток молока;
сухие вещества молока слово, пишущееся слитно, без дефиса (американизм) (сленг) закадычный друг( автомобильное) массивная шина (также * tyre) (горное) порода, массив (the *) твердый - * state ( food) твердое состояние( - ая пища) - * sea замерзшее море - to become * on cooling затвердевать при охлаждении густой, плотный - * clouds плотные облака - * honey загустевший (кристаллизованный) мед - * solution густой раствор сплошной, цельный, неполый - * ball сплошной шар - * wall глухая (сплошная) стена - * shot (военное) болванка, бронебойный снаряд - * tyre (автомобильное) массивная шина (также * tyre) сплошной, однородный - * background гладкий (однотонный) фон - * colour ровный цвет;
однотонная окраска( без рисунка) гладкий, без выработки (о ткани, трикотаже) сплошной, непрерывный - * line of defense непрерывная линия обороны - * matter (полиграфия) набор без шпон пишущийся слитно, слитно написанный - * word слитно написанное слово, сложное слово( без дефиса) чистый, беспримесный, неразбавленный - of * gold (silver) из чистого золота( серебра) - * port крепкий портвейн крепкий, прочный, массивный - * basis (foundation) прочное основание( - ый фундамент) - * block of ice монолитная глыба льда - * lump большой (здоровый) кусок - * building (structure) массивное здание (сооружение) - * furniture крепкая (прочная, массивная) мебель - to be on * ground быть (стоять) на твердой почве;
иметь твердую почву под ногами сильный, здоровый, крепкий - a man of * build (frame) человек крепкого (плотного) телосложения - a man of * health человек крепкого (отменного) здоровья - with * step твердым( уверенным) шагом плотный, сытный, питательный - * pudding сытный (тяжелый) пудинг - to have a * meal плотно поесть убедительный, веский, основательный - * argument веский довод - * consideration основательное сооброажение - to have * grounds for supposing smth. иметь веские основания предполагать что-либо солидный, надежный - * firm солидная фирма - a man of * character положительный человек - * merchant солидный коммерсант - * comfort полный комфорт серьезный, глубокий - * reading серьезное чтение, серьезные книги - * respect (satisfaction) глубокое уважение (удовлетворение) - * politician трезвый( серьезный) политик - a man of * sense благоразумный человек, человек трезвого ума единодушный, единогласный;
единый, сплоченный - * delegation (party) сплоченная делегация (партия) - by a * vote единогласно - to be * for (against) smb., smth. твердо стоять за кого-либо, что-либо (против кого-либо, чего-либо) ;
быть всей душой за кого-либо, что-либо (против кого-либо, чего-либо) - to be * in one's afvour (in one's feelings) быть единодушными в своих симпатиях ( в своих чувствах) непрерывный, постоянный - * rain непрерывный дождь( разговорное) целый, полный - for a * day весь( целый) день - I have been waiting a * hour я прождал битый час( американизм) (сленг) хороший, отличный (о музыке и т. п.) (разговорное) находящийся в близких отношениях (с кем-либо) (with) - to be * with smb. быть в милости у кого-либо, пользоваться чьим-либо расположением - to make oneself * with the chief быть на дружеской ноге с начальством (специальное) трехмерный, пространственный - * angle( физическое) телесный( пространственный) угол - * animation (кинематографический) объемная мультипликация - * foot (yard) кубический фут (ярд) - * number( математика) целое число, разлагаемое на три простых множителя > S. South( американизм) южные штаты, традиционно голосующие за демократов > a * bone (ivory) не голова, а кочан капусты полностью, целиком - to go * for (against) smb., sbth. (разговорное) твердо стоять за кого-либо, что-либо (против кого-либо, чего-либо) единодушно, единогласно - to vote * голосовать единогласно to be ~ (with smb.) быть в милости (у кого-л.), the Solid South амер. южные штаты, традиционно голосующие за демократическую партию ~ сплоченный, единогласный;
solid party сплоченная партия;
the decision was passed by a solid vote решение было принято единогласно;
to be solid for стоять твердо за ~ твердый (не жидкий, не газообразный) ;
solid state твердое состояние;
to become solid on cooling твердеть при охлаждении ~ сплоченный, единогласный;
solid party сплоченная партия;
the decision was passed by a solid vote решение было принято единогласно;
to be solid for стоять твердо за ~ непрерывный;
solid line of defence непрерывная линия обороны;
for a solid hour( day) в течение часа (дня) без перерыва ~ прочный, крепкий;
плотный, солидный;
to have a solid meal плотно поесть;
a man of solid build человек плотного сложения ~ прочный, крепкий;
плотный, солидный;
to have a solid meal плотно поесть;
a man of solid build человек плотного сложения ~ основательный, надежный;
солидный;
веский;
solid argument веский довод;
solid grounds реальные основания;
a man of solid sense человек трезвого ума ~ мат. тело;
regular solid правильное (геометрическое) тело solid единогласно;
to vote solid голосовать единогласно ~ единогласный ~ массивный (не полый) ~ непрерывный;
solid line of defence непрерывная линия обороны;
for a solid hour( day) в течение часа (дня) без перерыва ~ основательный, надежный;
солидный;
веский;
solid argument веский довод;
solid grounds реальные основания;
a man of solid sense человек трезвого ума ~ пишущийся вместе, без дефиса ~ плотный ~ порода, массив (угля или руды) ~ прочный, крепкий;
плотный, солидный;
to have a solid meal плотно поесть;
a man of solid build человек плотного сложения ~ прочный ~ сплоченный, единогласный;
solid party сплоченная партия;
the decision was passed by a solid vote решение было принято единогласно;
to be solid for стоять твердо за ~ сплошной;
цельный;
solid colour ровный цвет;
solid printing полигр. набор без шпонов;
solid square воен. (сплошное) каре ~ сплошной ~ твердое тело ~ твердый ~ pl твердая пища ~ физ. твердое тело ~ твердый (не жидкий, не газообразный) ;
solid state твердое состояние;
to become solid on cooling твердеть при охлаждении ~ мат. тело;
regular solid правильное (геометрическое) тело ~ мат. трехмерный, пространственный, кубический;
solid angle телесный (или пространственный) угол;
solid foot кубический фут ~ убедительный ~ a sl. хороший, отличный ~ чистый, неразбавленный;
без примесей;
solid gold чистое золото ~ основательный, надежный;
солидный;
веский;
solid argument веский довод;
solid grounds реальные основания;
a man of solid sense человек трезвого ума ~ сплошной;
цельный;
solid colour ровный цвет;
solid printing полигр. набор без шпонов;
solid square воен. (сплошное) каре ~ мат. трехмерный, пространственный, кубический;
solid angle телесный (или пространственный) угол;
solid foot кубический фут ~ чистый, неразбавленный;
без примесей;
solid gold чистое золото ~ основательный, надежный;
солидный;
веский;
solid argument веский довод;
solid grounds реальные основания;
a man of solid sense человек трезвого ума ~ непрерывный;
solid line of defence непрерывная линия обороны;
for a solid hour (day) в течение часа (дня) без перерыва ~ сплоченный, единогласный;
solid party сплоченная партия;
the decision was passed by a solid vote решение было принято единогласно;
to be solid for стоять твердо за ~ сплошной;
цельный;
solid colour ровный цвет;
solid printing полигр. набор без шпонов;
solid square воен. (сплошное) каре to be ~ (with smb.) быть в милости (у кого-л.), the Solid South амер. южные штаты, традиционно голосующие за демократическую партию ~ сплошной;
цельный;
solid colour ровный цвет;
solid printing полигр. набор без шпонов;
solid square воен. (сплошное) каре ~ твердый (не жидкий, не газообразный) ;
solid state твердое состояние;
to become solid on cooling твердеть при охлаждении solid единогласно;
to vote solid голосовать единогласно

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > solid
15 split

splɪt
1. сущ.
1) а) расщипление, раскалывание б) перен. процесс раздела корпорации
2) трещина, щель, расщелина;
прорезь
3) а) раскол, брожения (в рядах какой-либо организации, чаще всего политической) б) фракция( образовавшаяся в результате раскола)
4) щепка, лучина
5) полбутылки или маленькая бутылка( газированной воды, водки и т. п.)
6) электр. расщепленность
7) мн.;
спорт шпагат
8) сладкое блюдо( из фруктов, мороженого, орехов)
2. прил. расщепленный, расколотый;
раздробленный;
разделенный пополам
3. гл.
1) а) раскалывать(ся) ;
расщеплять(ся) (тж. split asunder), трескаться Syn: sever б) перен. сильно болеть My head is splitting. ≈ У меня раскалывается голова от боли. в) перен. разрушать, крушить My hopes were splitted. ≈ Все мои надежды рухнули. Syn: shatter
2) делить на части;
распределять( обыкн. split up) ;
делиться с кем-л. (with) to split one's vote/ticket ≈ голосовать одновременно за кандидатов разных партий to split a bottle разг. ≈ раздавить бутылочку на двоих Syn: sever, share
3) а) поссорить;
раскалывать (на группы, фракции и т. п.) б) отделяться( о группе, фракции)
4) уходить, покидать to split the town ≈ уезжать из города Syn: leave ∙ split off split on split up - split the difference раскалывание;
расщепление( продольная) трещина, щель;
расщелина;
прорезь - a * in a door щель в двери - a * in a rock расщелина в скале - a * in a board трещина в доске разрыв, раскол - a * among friends раздоры среди друзей - a * in the party раскол в партии - a * into sects раскол на секты отколовшаяся часть;
(раскольническая) секта;
отколовшаяся фракция, группа и т. п. луб, лубок (для плетения корзин) (разговорное) полпорции спиртного (разговорное) маленькая бутылка минеральной воды или газированной воды (разговорное) (американизм) бюллетень, в котором избиратель подает свой голос за представителей разных партий (американизм) щепка, лучина (текстильное) зуб берда слой кожи грань, фасет( на стекле) (горное) пачка (угля или пласта) (электротехника) расщепленность (спортивное) шпагат (гимнастика) - cross * поперечный шпагат - side /circle/ * продольный шпагат - to do the *s делать шпагат "сплит" (сладкое блюдо из разрезанных пополам фруктов с орехами и мороженым сверху) > at (full) * на всех парах > to make all * наделать шуму, вызвать суматоху, устроить переполох разбитый, расколотый;
расщепленный - * collarbone сломанная ключица - the child from a * home ребенок разведенных родителей разделенный - * shift прерывистый график (работы) - he took a * vacation он использовал свой отпуск частями - with a * feeling со смешанным чувством (лесохозяйственное) колотый - * firewood колотые дрова - * stave колотая клепка расщеплять;
раскалывать, откалывать, отделять (тж. * off) - to * a board раскалывать доску - to * open взломать (сейф и т. п.) - to * smb.'s skull раскроить кому-л. череп - to * a piece from a block отколоть щепку от чурбака - to * a stick расщепить палку - to * one's forces распылить силы - to * off carbon dioxide( химическое) выделить двуокись углерода - the wind * a sail ветром надвое разорвало парус - a mountain was * by the earthquake гора расселась /раскололась/ в результате землетрясения - the air was * with shrill outcries пронзительные крики разрывали /прорезали/ воздух - the river *s the town in two река разрезает город пополам расщепляться, раскалываться, трескаться - to * one's sides надрываться от хохота, чуть не лопнуть со смеху - hit the nut till it *s бей по ореху, пока он не расколется - this wood *s easily это дерево хорошо колется - when ripe, the fruit *s созрев, плод трескается - gloves often * the first time they are worn часто перчатки лопаются, как только их наденешь - I laughed till I thought I should * я чуть не лопнул со смеху - my head is *ting у меня трещит /разламывается/ голова разбивать, разрушать - the ship was * in the middle корабль получил пробоину в центральной части - to * the defence провести шайбу между двумя противниками, прорвать оборону противника (хоккей) разбиваться - to * upon a rock разбиваться о скалу - the ship * судно потерпело крушение - we have * (образное) мы потерпели крушение, мы идем ко дну делить на части, распределять (обыкн. * up) - to * (up) a cake разрезать бисквит вдоль - to * a booty делить добычу - to * the cost between... поделить расходы между... - to * (up) the work among a number of people распределять работу между несколькими людьми - to * a bottle (разговорное) распить /раздавить/ бутылочку (with) поделиться( с кем-л.) - he said he would * with the others он сказал остальным, что выделит им их долю (тж. * up) делиться на части, распадаться;
разделяться, раскалываться - the crowd * (up) into several groups толпа разделилась на несколько групп - the court * four and four голоса в суде разделились: четыре - четыре - the language has * into several dialects язык распался на несколько диалектов (тж. * up) разойтись, развестись - they * (up) after a year of marriage они развелись /разошлись/ через год после свадьбы (разговорное) ссориться, расходиться во мнениях - to * with smb. (рассориться и) разойтись с кем-л. - to * over smth. разойтись во мнениях о чем-л. - don't let us * on a small point of detail не будем спорить по пустякам (политика) расколоть, вызвать раскол - to * a political party расколоть политическую партию, вызвать раскол в политической партии - to * one's vote /one's ticket/ голосовать одновременно за кандидатов разных партий (политика) расколоться, утратить единство - the party * into two groups партия раскололась на две группировки - the House * on a vote голоса в палате разделились - Liberals * on this question по этому вопросу среди либералов не было единого мнения - the House * on /over/ the question of tariffs в палате возникли разногласия по вопросу о тарифах (сленг) уйти, убраться - to * a party after a few drinks сбежать с вечеринки после нескольких рюмок (сленг) дезертировать;
сбежать( обыкн. on) (сленг) выдавать;
доносить, стать доносчиком;
"расколоться" - to * (up) on an accomplice выдать (своего) сообщника;
донести на своего сообщника - please, don't * (on me) ! пожалуйста, не выдавайте меня /не проговоритесь/! - somebody must have * on him to a teacher кто-то наябедничал на него учителю разбавлять (спиртное) (кожевенное) дело двоить кожу (горное) сокращать пробу (химическое) разлагаться, расщепляться - water *s into hydrogen and oxygen вода разлагается на водород и кислород( химическое) расщеплять, разлагать на компоненты - to * a fat into glycerol and fatty acids расщепить жир на глицерин и жирные кислоты > to * smb.'s ears оглушать кого-л. > to * a hair /hairs, straws, words/ спорить о мелочах;
вдаваться в мелкие подробности;
проявлять педантизм /придирчивость/ > to * the difference брать среднюю величину;
поделить разницу пополам;
сойтись в цене, сторговаться;
идти на компромисс > * me /my windpipe/! чтоб мне лопнуть! > the rock on which we * камень преткновения;
предмет разногласий;
причина несчастья > to * a cause (юридическое) (устаревшее) затягивать процесс (излишними доказательствами, необоснованными возражениями и т. п.) column ~ вчт. дробление колонки ~ разбивать(ся), трескаться;
to split one's forces дробить силы;
my head is splitting у меня раскалывается голова от боли reverse ~ увеличение номиналов акций путем трансформации определенного числа бумаг в одну the rock on which we ~ камень преткновения;
причина несчастий;
to split (smb.'s) ears оглушать (кого-л.) split делить на части;
распределять (обыкн. split up) ;
делиться (с кем-л.) (with) ~ дробить ~ дробление ~ покупка партии ценных бумаг в несколько приемов по разным ценам ~ полбутылки или маленькая бутылка (газированной воды, водки и т. п.) ~ поссорить;
раскалывать (на группы, фракции и т. п.) ;
split off откалывать(ся) ;
отделять ~ разбивать(ся), трескаться;
to split one's forces дробить силы;
my head is splitting у меня раскалывается голова от боли ~ вчт. разбивать ~ разбивка акций на несколько бумаг с меньшими номиналами путем выпуска нескольких акций вместо одной ~ вчт. разбиение ~ вчт. разбить ~ разделение ~ раскалывание ~ (~) раскалывать(ся) ;
расщеплять(ся) (тж. split asunder) ~ раскол ~ эл. расщепленность ~ расщепленный, расколотый;
раздробленный;
разделенный пополам;
split decision решение, при котором голоса разделились ~ сладкое блюдо (из фруктов, мороженого, орехов) ~ трещина, щель, расщелина;
прорезь ~ pl спорт. шпагат ~ щепка, лучина (для корзин) to ~ the profits поделить доходы;
to split a bottle разг. раздавить бутылочку на двоих ~ расщепленный, расколотый;
раздробленный;
разделенный пополам;
split decision решение, при котором голоса разделились the rock on which we ~ камень преткновения;
причина несчастий;
to split (smb.'s) ears оглушать (кого-л.) ~ поссорить;
раскалывать (на группы, фракции и т. п.) ;
split off откалывать(ся) ;
отделять ~ on sl. выдавать (сообщника) ;
split up разделять(ся), раскалывать(ся) ;
to split one's sides надрываться от хохота ~ разбивать(ся), трескаться;
to split one's forces дробить силы;
my head is splitting у меня раскалывается голова от боли ~ on sl. выдавать (сообщника) ;
split up разделять(ся), раскалывать(ся) ;
to split one's sides надрываться от хохота to ~ one's vote (или ticket) голосовать одновременно за кандидатов разных партий ~ second какаято доля секунды;
мгновение to ~ the profits поделить доходы;
to split a bottle разг. раздавить бутылочку на двоих ~ on sl. выдавать (сообщника) ;
split up разделять(ся), раскалывать(ся) ;
to split one's sides надрываться от хохота ~ up делить корпорацию (по решению суда) ~ up дробить акции stock ~ дробление акций

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > split
16 go

Ⅰ.

go¹ [gəʊ]

noun

(game) jeu m de go

Ⅱ.

go² [gəʊ]

aller ⇒ 1A (a)-(c), 1A (e), 1A (f), 1E (a)-(c), 1G (a), 2 (a) s'en aller ⇒ 1A (d) être ⇒ 1B (a) devenir ⇒ 1B (b) tomber en panne ⇒ 1B (c) s'user ⇒ 1B (d) se détériorer ⇒ 1B (e) commencer ⇒ 1C (a) aller (+ infinitif) ⇒ 1C (b), 1C (c) marcher ⇒ 1C (d) disparaître ⇒ 1D (a), 1D (c) se passer ⇒ 1E (d) s'écouler ⇒ 1E (e) s'appliquer ⇒ 1F (b) se vendre ⇒ 1F (e) contribuer ⇒ 1G (c) aller ensemble ⇒ 1H (a) tenir le coup ⇒ 1H (c) faire ⇒ 2 (b), 2 (c) coup ⇒ 3 (a) essai ⇒ 3 (a) tour ⇒ 3 (b) dynamisme ⇒ 3 (c)

(pl goes [gəʊz], 3rd pres sing goes [gəʊz], pt went [went], pp gone [gɒn])

1 intransitive verb

A.

(a) (move, travel → person) aller; (→ vehicle) aller, rouler;

∎ we're going to Paris/Japan/Spain nous allons à Paris/au Japon/en Espagne;

∎ he went to the office/a friend's house il est allé au bureau/chez un ami;

∎ I want to go home je veux rentrer;

∎ the salesman went from house to house le vendeur est allé de maison en maison;

∎ we went by car/on foot nous y sommes allés en voiture/à pied;

∎ there goes the train! voilà le train (qui passe)!;

∎ the bus goes by way of or through Dover le bus passe par Douvres;

∎ does this train go to Glasgow? ce train va-t-il à Glasgow?;

∎ the truck was going at 150 kilometres an hour le camion roulait à ou faisait du 150 kilomètres (à l')heure;

∎ go behind those bushes va derrière ces arbustes;

∎ where do we go from here? où va-t-on maintenant?; figurative qu'est-ce qu'on fait maintenant?;

∎ to go to the doctor aller voir ou aller chez le médecin;

∎ he went straight to the director il est allé directement voir ou trouver le directeur;

∎ to go to prison aller en prison;

∎ to go to the toilet aller aux toilettes;

∎ to go to sb for advice aller demander conseil à qn;

∎ let the children go first laissez les enfants passer devant, laissez passer les enfants d'abord;

∎ I'll go next c'est à moi après;

∎ who goes next? (in game) c'est à qui (le tour)?;

∎ Military who goes there? qui va là?, qui vive?;

∎ here we go again! ça y est, ça recommence!;

∎ there he goes! le voilà!;

∎ there he goes again! (there he is again) le revoilà!; (he's doing it again) ça y est, il est reparti!

(b) (engage in a specified activity) aller;

∎ to go shopping aller faire des courses;

∎ to go fishing/hunting aller à la pêche/à la chasse;

∎ to go riding aller faire du cheval;

∎ let's go for a walk/bike ride/swim allons nous promener/faire un tour à vélo/nous baigner;

∎ they went on a trip ils sont partis en voyage;

∎ British go and buy the paper, American go buy the paper va acheter le journal;

∎ I'll go to see her or American go see her tomorrow j'irai la voir demain;

∎ don't go and tell him!, don't go telling him! ne va pas le lui dire!, ne le lui dis pas!;

∎ don't go bothering your sister ne va pas embêter ta sœur;

∎ you had to go and tell him! il a fallu que tu le lui dises!;

∎ he's gone and locked us out! il est parti et nous a laissé à la porte!;

∎ you've gone and done it now! vraiment, tu as tout gâché!

(c) (proceed to specified limit) aller;

∎ he'll go as high as £300 il ira jusqu'à 300 livres;

∎ the temperature went as high as 36° C la température est montée jusqu'à 36° C;

∎ he went so far as to say it was her fault il est allé jusqu'à dire que c'était de sa faute à elle;

∎ now you've gone too far! là tu as dépassé les bornes!;

∎ I'll go further and say he should resign j'irai plus loin et je dirai qu'il ou j'irai jusqu'à dire qu'il devrait démissionner;

∎ the temperature sometimes goes below zero la température descend ou tombe parfois au-dessous de zéro;

∎ her attitude went beyond mere impertinence son comportement était plus qu'impertinent

(d) (depart, leave) s'en aller, partir;

∎ I must be going il faut que je m'en aille ou que je parte;

∎ they went early ils sont partis tôt;

∎ you may go vous pouvez partir;

∎ what time does the train go? à quelle heure part le train?;

∎ familiar get going! vas-y!, file!;

∎ archaic be gone! allez-vous-en!;

∎ either he goes or I go l'un de nous deux doit partir

(e) (indicating regular attendance) aller, assister;

∎ to go to church/school aller à l'église/l'école;

∎ to go to a meeting aller ou assister à une réunion;

∎ to go to work (to one's place of work) aller au travail

(f) (indicating direction or route) aller, mener;

∎ that road goes to the market square cette route va ou mène à la place du marché

B.

(a) (be or remain in specified state) être;

∎ to go barefoot/naked se promener pieds nus/tout nu;

∎ to go armed porter une arme;

∎ her family goes in rags sa famille est en haillons;

∎ the job went unfilled le poste est resté vacant;

∎ to go unnoticed passer inaperçu;

∎ such crimes must not go unpunished de tels crimes ne doivent pas rester impunis

(b) (become) devenir;

∎ my father is going grey mon père grisonne;

∎ she went white with rage elle a blêmi de colère;

∎ my hands went clammy mes mains sont devenues moites;

∎ the tea's gone cold le thé a refroidi;

∎ have you gone mad? tu es devenu fou?;

∎ to go bankrupt faire faillite;

∎ the country has gone Republican le pays est maintenant républicain

(c) (stop working → engine) tomber en panne; (→ fuse) sauter; (→ bulb, lamp) sauter, griller;

∎ the battery's going la pile commence à être usée

(d) (wear out) s'user; (split) craquer; (break) (se) casser;

∎ his trousers are going at the knees son pantalon s'use aux genoux;

∎ the jacket went at the seams la veste a craqué aux coutures

(e) (deteriorate, fail → health) se détériorer; (→ hearing, sight) baisser;

∎ all his strength went and he fell to the floor il a perdu toutes ses forces et il est tombé par terre;

∎ his voice is going il devient aphone;

∎ his voice is gone il est aphone, il a une extinction de voix;

∎ her mind has started to go elle n'a plus toute sa tête ou toutes ses facultés

C.

(a) (begin an activity) commencer;

∎ what are we waiting for? let's go! qu'est-ce qu'on attend? allons-y!;

∎ familiar here goes!, here we go! allez!, on y va!;

∎ go! partez!;

∎ you'd better get going on or with that report! tu ferais bien de te mettre à ou de t'attaquer à ce rapport!;

∎ it won't be so hard once you get going ça ne sera pas si difficile une fois que tu seras lancé;

∎ familiar go to it! (get to work) au boulot!; (in encouragement) allez-y!

(b) (expressing intention)

∎ to be going to do sth (be about to) aller faire qch, être sur le point de faire qch; (intend to) avoir l'intention de faire qch;

∎ you were just going to tell me about it vous étiez sur le point de ou vous alliez m'en parler;

∎ I was going to visit her yesterday but her mother arrived j'avais l'intention de ou j'allais lui rendre visite hier mais sa mère est arrivée

(c) (expressing future)

∎ are you going to be at home tonight? est-ce que vous serez chez vous ce soir?;

∎ we're going to do exactly as we please nous ferons ce que nous voulons;

∎ she's going to be a doctor elle va être médecin;

∎ there's going to be a storm il va y avoir un orage;

∎ he's going to have to work really hard il va falloir qu'il travaille très dur

(d) (function → clock, machine) marcher, fonctionner; (start functioning) démarrer;

∎ is the fan going? est-ce que le ventilateur est en marche ou marche?;

∎ the car won't go la voiture ne veut pas démarrer;

∎ he had the television and the radio going il avait mis la télévision et la radio en marche;

∎ the washing machine is still going la machine à laver tourne encore, la lessive n'est pas terminée;

∎ to get sth going (car, machine) mettre qch en marche; (business, project) lancer qch;

∎ her daughter kept the business going sa fille a continué à faire marcher l'affaire;

∎ to keep a conversation/fire going entretenir une conversation/un feu

(e) (sound → alarm clock, bell) sonner; (→ alarm, siren) retentir

(f) (make movement)

∎ she went like this with her eyebrows elle a fait comme ça avec ses sourcils

(g) (appear)

∎ to go on radio/television passer à la radio/à la télévision

D.

(a) (disappear) disparaître;

∎ the snow has gone la neige a fondu ou disparu;

∎ all the sugar's gone il n'y a plus de sucre;

∎ my coat has gone mon manteau n'est plus là ou a disparu;

∎ all our money has gone (spent) nous avons dépensé tout notre argent; (lost) nous avons perdu tout notre argent; (stolen) on a volé tout notre argent;

∎ I don't know where the money goes these days l'argent disparaît à une vitesse incroyable ces temps-ci;

∎ gone are the days when he took her dancing elle est bien loin, l'époque où il l'emmenait danser

(b) (be eliminated)

∎ the last paragraph must go il faut supprimer le dernier paragraphe;

∎ I've decided that car has to go j'ai décidé de me débarrasser de cette voiture;

∎ that new secretary has got to go il va falloir se débarrasser de la nouvelle secrétaire

(c) euphemism (die) disparaître, s'éteindre;

∎ he is (dead and) gone il nous a quittés;

∎ his wife went first sa femme est partie avant lui;

∎ after I go... quand je ne serai plus là...

E.

(a) (extend, reach) aller, s'étendre;

∎ our property goes as far as the forest notre propriété va ou s'étend jusqu'au bois;

∎ the path goes right down to the beach le chemin descend jusqu'à la mer;

∎ figurative her thinking didn't go that far elle n'a pas poussé le raisonnement aussi loin;

∎ my salary doesn't go very far je ne vais pas loin avec mon salaire;

∎ money doesn't go very far these days l'argent part vite à notre époque;

∎ their difference of opinion goes deeper than I thought leur différend est plus profond que je ne pensais

(b) (belong) aller, se mettre, se ranger;

∎ the dictionaries go on that shelf les dictionnaires se rangent ou vont sur cette étagère;

∎ where do the towels go? où est-ce qu'on met les serviettes?;

∎ that painting goes here ce tableau se met ou va là

(c) (be contained in, fit) aller;

∎ this last sweater won't go in the suitcase ce dernier pull n'ira pas ou n'entrera pas dans la valise;

∎ the piano barely goes through the door le piano entre ou passe de justesse par la porte;

∎ this belt just goes round my waist cette ceinture est juste assez longue pour faire le tour de ma taille;

∎ the lid goes on easily enough le couvercle se met assez facilement

(d) (develop, turn out) se passer;

∎ how did your interview go? comment s'est passé ton entretien?;

∎ I'll see how things go je vais voir comment ça se passe;

∎ we can't tell how things will go on ne sait pas comment ça se passera;

∎ everything went well tout s'est bien passé;

∎ if all goes well si tout va bien;

∎ the meeting went badly/well la réunion s'est mal/bien passée;

∎ the negotiations are going well les négociations sont en bonne voie;

∎ the vote went against them/in their favour le vote leur a été défavorable/favorable;

∎ there's no doubt as to which way the decision will go on sait ce qui sera décidé;

∎ everything was going fine until she showed up tout allait ou se passait très bien jusqu'à ce qu'elle arrive;

∎ everything went wrong ça a mal tourné;

∎ familiar how's it going?, how are things going? (comment) ça va?;

∎ the way things are going, we might both be out of a job soon au train où vont ou vu comment vont les choses, nous allons bientôt nous retrouver tous les deux au chômage

(e) (time → elapse) s'écouler, passer; (→ last) durer;

∎ the journey went quickly je n'ai pas vu le temps passer pendant le voyage;

∎ there were only five minutes to go before… il ne restait que cinq minutes avant…;

∎ time goes so slowly when you're not here le temps me paraît tellement long quand tu n'es pas là;

∎ how's the time going? combien de temps reste-t-il?

F.

(a) (be accepted)

∎ what your mother says goes! fais ce que dit ta mère!;

∎ whatever the boss says goes c'est le patron qui fait la loi;

∎ anything goes on fait ce qu'on veut

(b) (be valid, hold true) s'appliquer;

∎ that rule goes for everyone cette règle s'applique à tout le monde;

∎ that goes for us too (that applies to us) ça s'applique à nous aussi; (we agree with that) nous sommes aussi de cet avis

(c) (be expressed, run → report, story)

∎ the story or rumour goes that she left him le bruit court qu'elle l'a quitté;

∎ so the story goes du moins c'est ce que l'on dit ou d'après les on-dit;

∎ how does the story go? comment c'est cette histoire?;

∎ I forget how the poem goes now j'ai oublié le poème maintenant;

∎ how does the tune go? c'est quoi ou c'est comment, l'air?;

∎ her theory goes something like this sa théorie est plus ou moins la suivante

(d) (be identified as)

∎ to go by or under the name of répondre au nom de;

∎ he now goes by or under another name il se fait appeler autrement maintenant

(e) (be sold) se vendre;

∎ flats are going cheap at the moment les appartements ne se vendent pas très cher en ce moment;

∎ the necklace went for £350 le collier s'est vendu 350 livres;

∎ going, going, gone! (at auction) une fois, deux fois, adjugé!

G.

(a) (be given → award, prize) aller, être donné; (→ inheritance, property) passer;

∎ the contract is to go to a private firm le contrat ira à une entreprise privée;

∎ credit should go to the teachers le mérite en revient aux enseignants;

∎ every penny will go to charity tout l'argent va ou est destiné à une œuvre de bienfaisance

(b) (be spent)

∎ a small portion of the budget went on education une petite part du budget a été consacrée ou est allée à l'éducation;

∎ all his money goes on drink tout son argent part dans la boisson

(c) (contribute) contribuer, servir;

∎ all that just goes to prove my point tout ça confirme bien ce que j'ai dit;

∎ it has all the qualities that go to make a good film ça a toutes les qualités d'un bon film

(d) (have recourse) avoir recours, recourir;

∎ to go to arbitration recourir à l'arbitrage

H.

(a) (be compatible → colours, flavours) aller ensemble;

∎ orange and mauve don't really go l'orange et le mauve ne vont pas vraiment ensemble

(b) (be available)

∎ let me know if you hear of any jobs going faites-moi savoir si vous entendez parler d'un emploi;

∎ are there any flats going for rent in this building? y a-t-il des appartements à louer dans cet immeuble?;

∎ familiar any whisky going? tu as un whisky à m'offrir?^□

(c) (endure) tenir le coup;

∎ we can't go much longer without water nous ne pourrons pas tenir beaucoup plus longtemps sans eau

(d) euphemism (go to the toilet)

∎ we'll only stop if you're really desperate to go on ne s'arrête que si tu ne tiens vraiment plus;

∎ I went before I came j'ai fait avant de venir

(e) Mathematics

∎ 5 into 60 goes 12 60 divisé par 5 égale 12;

∎ 6 into 5 won't go 5 n'est pas divisible par 6

(f) (idioms)

∎ she isn't bad, as teachers go elle n'est pas mal comme enseignante;

∎ as houses go, it's pretty cheap ce n'est pas cher pour une maison;

∎ as things go today par les temps qui courent;

∎ there goes my chance of winning a prize je peux abandonner tout espoir de gagner un prix;

∎ there you go again, always blaming other people ça y est, toujours à rejeter la responsabilité sur les autres;

∎ there you go! (here you are) tiens!; (I told you so) voilà!;

∎ there you go, two hamburgers and a coke et voici, deux hamburgers et un Coca;

∎ there you go, what did I tell you? voilà ou tiens, qu'est-ce que je t'avais dit!

2 transitive verb

(a) (follow, proceed along) aller, suivre;

∎ if we go this way, we'll get there much more quickly si nous passons par là, nous arriverons bien plus vite

(b) (travel) faire, voyager;

∎ we've only gone 5 kilometres nous n'avons fait que 5 kilomètres;

∎ she went the whole length of the street before coming back elle a descendu toute la rue avant de revenir

(c) (say) faire; (make specified noise) faire;

∎ ducks go "quack" les canards font "coin-coin";

∎ the clock goes "tick tock" l'horloge fait "tic tac";

∎ the gun went bang et pan! le coup est parti;

∎ familiar then he goes "hand it over" puis il fait "donne-le-moi"

(d) (in gambling)

∎ to go 10 risquer 10;

∎ Cards to go no/two trumps annoncer sans/deux atout(s);

∎ figurative to go one better (than sb) surenchérir (sur qn)

(e) familiar (do with)

∎ I could really go a beer je me paierais bien une bière

(f) (idioms) familiar old-fashioned

∎ to go it (go fast) filer; (behave wildly) se défoncer;

∎ familiar how goes it? ça marche?

3 noun

(a) British (attempt, try) coup m, essai m;

∎ to have a go at sth/doing sth essayer qch/de faire qch;

∎ he had another go il a fait une nouvelle tentative, il a ressayé;

∎ let's have a go! essayons!; familiar (let me try) laisse-moi essayer!^□ ;

∎ have another go! encore un coup!;

∎ I've never tried it but I'll give it a go je n'ai encore jamais fait l'expérience mais je vais essayer;

∎ she passed her exams first go elle a eu ses examens du premier coup;

∎ he knocked down all the skittles at one go il a renversé toutes les quilles d'un coup;

∎ £1 a go (at fair etc) une livre la partie ou le tour;

∎ to have a go on the dodgems faire un tour d'autos tamponneuses;

∎ he wouldn't let me have or give me a go (on his bicycle etc) il ne voulait pas me laisser l'essayer

(b) British (in games → turn) tour m;

∎ it's your go c'est ton tour ou c'est à toi (de jouer);

∎ whose go is it? à qui de jouer?, à qui le tour?

(c) familiar (energy, vitality) dynamisme^□ m, entrain^□ m;

∎ to be full of go avoir plein d'énergie, être très dynamique;

∎ she's got plenty of go elle est pleine d'entrain;

∎ the new man has no go in him le nouveau manque d'entrain

(d) familiar (success) succès^□ m, réussite^□ f;

∎ he's made a go of the business il a réussi à faire marcher l'affaire;

∎ to make a go of a marriage réussir un mariage;

∎ I tried to persuade her but it was no go j'ai essayé de la convaincre mais il n'y avait rien à faire

(e) (fashion) mode f;

∎ short hair is all the go les cheveux courts sont le dernier cri ou font fureur

(f) familiar (idioms)

∎ to have a go at sb (physically) rentrer dans qn; (verbally) passer un savon à qn;

∎ they had a real go at one another! qu'est-ce qu'ils se sont mis!;

∎ she had a go at her boyfriend elle a passé un de ces savons à son copain;

∎ British police have warned the public not to have a go, the fugitive may be armed la police a prévenu la population de ne pas s'en prendre au fugitif car il pourrait être armé;

∎ it's all go ça n'arrête pas!;

∎ all systems go! c'est parti!;

∎ the shuttle is go for landing la navette est bonne ou est parée ou a le feu vert pour l'atterrissage

4 going on adverb

∎ he must be going on fifty il doit approcher de la ou aller sur la cinquantaine;

∎ it was going on (for) midnight by the time we finished quand on a terminé, il était près de minuit

5 on the go adjective familiar

(a) (busy)

∎ I've been on the go all day je n'ai pas arrêté de toute la journée^□ ;

∎ to be always on the go être toujours à trotter ou à courir, avoir la bougeotte;

∎ to keep sb on the go faire trimer qn

(b) (in hand)

∎ I have several projects on the go at present j'ai plusieurs projets en route en ce moment^□

6 to go

1 adverb

à faire;

∎ there are only three weeks/five miles to go il ne reste plus que trois semaines/cinq miles;

∎ five done, three to go cinq de faits, trois à faire

2 adjective

esp American (to take out) two hamburgers to go deux hamburgers à emporter!

➲ go about

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move) circuler; (of rumour) courir;

∎ policemen usually go about in pairs en général, les policiers circulent par deux;

∎ you can't go about saying things like that! il ne faut pas raconter des choses pareilles!

(b) Nautical (change tack) virer de bord

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (get on with) s'occuper de;

∎ to go about one's business vaquer à ses occupations

(b) (set about) se mettre à;

∎ she showed me how to go about it elle m'a montré comment faire ou comment m'y prendre;

∎ how do you go about applying for the job? comment doit-on s'y prendre ou faire pour postuler l'emploi?

(c) (country) parcourir

➲ go about with inseparable transitive verb

(frequent)

∎ her son goes about with an older crowd son fils fréquente des gens plus âgés que lui;

∎ he's going about with Rachel these days il sort avec Rachel en ce moment

➲ go across

1 inseparable transitive verb

traverser

2 intransitive verb

traverser;

∎ your brother has just gone across to the shop ton frère est allé faire un saut au magasin en face

➲ go after inseparable transitive verb

(a) (follow) suivre

(b) (pursue, seek → criminal) poursuivre; (→ prey) chasser; (→ job, prize) essayer d'obtenir;

∎ he goes after all the women il court après toutes les femmes;

∎ I'm going after that job je vais essayer d'obtenir cet emploi

➲ go against inseparable transitive verb

(a) (disregard) aller contre, aller à l'encontre de;

∎ she went against my advice elle n'a pas suivi mon conseil;

∎ I went against my mother's wishes je suis allé contre ou j'ai contrarié les désirs de ma mère

(b) (conflict with) contredire;

∎ that goes against what he told me c'est en contradiction avec ou ça contredit ce qu'il m'a dit;

∎ the decision went against public opinion la décision est allée à l'encontre de ou a heurté l'opinion publique;

∎ it goes against my principles c'est contre mes principes

(c) (be unfavourable to → of luck, situation) être contraire à; (→ of opinion) être défavorable à; (→ of behaviour, evidence) nuire à, être préjudiciable à;

∎ the verdict went against the defendant le verdict a été défavorable à l'accusé ou a été prononcé contre l'accusé;

∎ if luck should go against him si la chance lui était contraire;

∎ her divorce may go against her winning the election son divorce pourrait nuire à ses chances de gagner les élections

➲ go ahead intransitive verb

(a) (precede) passer devant;

∎ he went ahead of us il est parti avant nous;

∎ I let him go ahead of me in the queue je l'ai fait passer devant moi dans la queue

(b) (proceed) aller de l'avant;

∎ go ahead! tell me! vas-y! dis-le-moi!;

∎ the mayor allowed the demonstrations to go ahead le maire a permis aux manifestations d'avoir lieu;

∎ the move had gone ahead as planned le déménagement s'était déroulé comme prévu;

∎ to go ahead with sth démarrer qch;

∎ they're going ahead with the project after all ils ont finalement décidé de mener le projet à bien;

∎ he went ahead and did it (without hesitating) il l'a fait sans l'ombre d'une hésitation; (despite warnings) rien ne l'a arrêté

(c) (advance, progress) progresser, faire des progrès

➲ go along intransitive verb

(a) (move from one place to another) aller, avancer;

∎ go along and ask your mother va demander à ta mère;

∎ she went along with them to the fair elle les a accompagnés ou elle est allée avec eux à la foire;

∎ we can talk it over as we go along nous pouvons en discuter en chemin ou en cours de route;

∎ I just make it up as I go along j'invente au fur et à mesure

(b) (progress) se dérouler, se passer;

∎ things were going along nicely tout allait ou se passait bien

(c) (go to meeting, party etc) aller

➲ go along with inseparable transitive verb

(decision, order) accepter, s'incliner devant; (rule) observer, respecter;

∎ that's what they decided and I went along with it c'est la décision qu'ils ont prise et je l'ai acceptée;

∎ I go along with the committee on that point je suis d'accord avec ou je soutiens le comité sur ce point;

∎ I can't go along with you on that je ne suis pas d'accord avec vous là-dessus;

∎ he went along with his father's wishes il s'est conformé aux ou a respecté les désirs de son père

➲ go around intransitive verb

(a) (habitually) passer son temps à;

∎ he goes around mumbling to himself il passe son temps à radoter;

∎ she just goes around annoying everyone elle passe son temps à énerver tout le monde;

∎ he goes around in black leather il se promène toujours en ou il est toujours habillé en cuir noir

(b) (document, illness) circuler; (gossip, rumour) courir, circuler

(c) (be long enough for)

∎ will that belt go around your waist? est-ce que cette ceinture sera assez grande pour toi?

➲ go around with = go about with

➲ go at inseparable transitive verb

familiar (attack → food) attaquer, se jeter sur; (→ job, task) s'attaquer à; (→ person) attaquer;

∎ they were still going at it the next day ils y étaient encore le lendemain;

∎ she went at the cleaning with a will elle s'est attaquée au nettoyage avec ardeur

➲ go away intransitive verb

partir, s'en aller;

∎ go away! va-t'en!;

∎ I'm going away for a few days je pars pour quelques jours;

∎ she's gone away to think about it elle est partie réfléchir

➲ go back intransitive verb

(a) (return) revenir, retourner;

∎ she went back to bed elle est retournée au lit, elle s'est recouchée;

∎ to go back to sleep se rendormir;

∎ they went back home ils sont rentrés chez eux ou à la maison;

∎ I went back downstairs/upstairs je suis redescendu/remonté;

∎ to go back to work (continue task) se remettre au travail; (return to place of work) retourner travailler; (return to employment) reprendre le travail;

∎ to go back on one's steps rebrousser chemin, revenir sur ses pas;

∎ let's go back to chapter two revenons ou retournons au deuxième chapitre;

∎ we went back to the beginning nous avons recommencé;

∎ let's go back to why you said that revenons à la question de savoir pourquoi vous avez dit ça;

∎ the clocks go back one hour today on retarde les pendules d'une heure aujourd'hui

(b) (retreat) reculer;

∎ go back! recule!

(c) (revert) revenir;

∎ we went back to the old system nous sommes revenus à l'ancien système;

∎ he went back to his old habits il a repris ses anciennes habitudes;

∎ the conversation kept going back to the same subject la conversation revenait sans cesse sur le même sujet;

∎ men are going back to wearing their hair long les hommes reviennent aux cheveux longs ou se laissent à nouveau pousser les cheveux

(d) (in time) remonter;

∎ our records go back to 1850 nos archives remontent à 1850;

∎ this building goes back to the Revolution ce bâtiment date de ou remonte à la Révolution;

∎ familiar we go back a long way, Brad and me ça remonte à loin, Brad et moi

(e) (extend, reach) s'étendre;

∎ the garden goes back 150 metres le jardin s'étend sur 150 mètres

➲ go back on inseparable transitive verb

(fail to keep → agreement) rompre, violer; (→ promise) manquer à, revenir sur;

∎ they went back on their decision ils sont revenus sur leur décision;

∎ he won't go back on his word il ne manquera pas à sa parole

➲ go before

1 intransitive verb

(precede) passer devant; (happen before) précéder;

∎ that question has nothing to do with what went before cette question n'a rien à voir avec ce qui précède ou avec ce qui a été dit avant;

∎ the election was like nothing that had gone before l'élection ne ressemblait en rien aux précédentes;

∎ euphemism those who have gone before (the dead) ceux qui nous ont précédés

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (precede) précéder;

∎ we are indebted to those who have gone before us nous devons beaucoup à ceux qui nous ont précédés

(b) (appear before)

∎ your suggestion will go before the committee votre suggestion sera soumise au comité;

∎ to go before a judge/jury passer devant un juge/un jury;

∎ the matter went before the court l'affaire est allée devant les tribunaux

➲ go below intransitive verb

Nautical descendre dans l'entrepont

➲ go by

1 intransitive verb

(pass → car, person) passer; (→ time) passer, s'écouler;

∎ as the years go by avec les années, à mesure que les années passent;

∎ in days or in times or in years gone by autrefois, jadis;

∎ to let an opportunity go by laisser passer une occasion

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (act in accordance with, be guided by) suivre, se baser sur;

∎ don't go by the map ne vous fiez pas à la carte;

∎ I'll go by what the boss says je me baserai sur ce que dit le patron;

∎ he goes by the rules il suit le règlement

(b) (judge by) juger d'après;

∎ going by her accent, I'd say she's from New York si j'en juge d'après son accent, je dirais qu'elle vient de New York;

∎ you can't go by appearances on ne peut pas juger d'après ou sur les apparences

(c) (be known by)

∎ to go by a different/false name être connu sous un nom différent/un faux nom;

∎ the product goes by the name of "Bango" in France ce produit est vendu sous le nom de "Bango" en France

➲ go down

1 intransitive verb

(a) (descend, move to lower level) descendre;

∎ he went down on all fours or on his hands and knees il s'est mis à quatre pattes;

∎ going down! (in lift) on descend!, pour descendre!

(b) (proceed, travel) aller;

∎ we're going down to Tours/the country/the shop nous allons à Tours/à la campagne/au magasin

(c) (set → moon, sun) se coucher, tomber

(d) (sink → ship) couler, sombrer; (→ person) couler, disparaître (sous l'eau)

(e) (decrease, decline → level, price, quality) baisser; (→ amount, numbers) diminuer; (→ rate, temperature) baisser, s'abaisser; (→ fever) baisser, tomber; (→ tide) descendre;

∎ the dollar is going down in value le dollar perd de sa valeur, le dollar est en baisse;

∎ eggs are going down (in price) le prix des œufs baisse;

∎ my weight has gone down j'ai perdu du poids;

∎ he's gone down in my estimation il a baissé dans mon estime;

∎ the neighbourhood's really gone down since then le quartier ne s'est vraiment pas arrangé depuis;

∎ to have gone down in the world avoir connu des jours meilleurs

(f) (become less swollen → swelling) désenfler, dégonfler; (→ balloon, tyre) se dégonfler

(g) (food, medicine) descendre;

∎ this wine goes down very smoothly ce vin se laisse boire (comme du petit-lait)

(h) (produce specified reaction) être reçu;

∎ a cup of coffee would go down nicely une tasse de café serait la bienvenue;

∎ his speech went down badly/well son discours a été mal/bien reçu;

∎ how will the proposal go down with the students? comment les étudiants vont-ils prendre la proposition?;

∎ that kind of talk doesn't go down well with me je n'apprécie pas du tout ce genre de propos

(i) (lose) être battu;

∎ Mexico went down to Germany le Mexique s'est incliné devant l'Allemagne;

∎ Madrid went down to Milan by three points Milan a battu Madrid de trois points;

∎ I'm not going to go down without a fight je me battrai jusqu'à la fin

(j) (be relegated) descendre;

∎ our team has gone down to the second division notre équipe est descendue en deuxième division

(k) (be noted, recorded) être noté; (in writing) être pris ou couché par écrit;

∎ this day will go down in history ce jour restera une date historique;

∎ she will go down in history as a woman of great courage elle entrera dans l'histoire grâce à son grand courage

(l) (reach as far as) descendre, s'étendre;

∎ this path goes down to the beach ce sentier va ou descend à la plage

(m) (continue as far as) aller, continuer;

∎ go down to the end of the street allez ou continuez jusqu'en bas de la rue

(n) British University entrer dans la période des vacances

(o) Cards (in bridge) chuter

(p) Computing tomber en panne; (of computer network) planter;

∎ the computer's gone down l'ordinateur est en panne

(q) Music (lower pitch) descendre

(r) British familiar (be sent to prison)

∎ how long do you think he'll go down for? il écopera de combien, à ton avis?;

∎ he went down for three years il a écopé de trois ans

(s) American familiar (happen) se passer^□

2 inseparable transitive verb

(hill, stairs, ladder, street) descendre;

∎ my food went down the wrong way j'ai avalé de travers;

∎ Music the pianist went down an octave le pianiste a joué une octave plus bas ou a descendu d'une octave;

∎ British School to go down a class descendre d'une classe;

∎ figurative I don't want to go down that road je ne veux pas m'engager là-dedans

➲ go down on inseparable transitive verb

vulgar (fellate) sucer, tailler ou faire une pipe à; (perform cunnilingus on) sucer, brouter le cresson à

➲ go down with inseparable transitive verb

tomber malade de;

∎ he went down with pneumonia/the flu il a attrapé une pneumonie/la grippe

➲ go for inseparable transitive verb

(a) (fetch) aller chercher;

∎ he went for a doctor il est allé ou parti chercher un médecin

(b) (try to obtain) essayer d'obtenir, viser;

∎ she's going for his job elle va essayer d'obtenir son poste;

∎ familiar go for it! vas-y!;

∎ I'd go for it if I were you! à ta place, je n'hésiterais pas!;

∎ she was really going for it elle donnait vraiment son maximum

(c) (attack → physically) tomber sur, s'élancer sur; (→ verbally) s'en prendre à;

∎ dogs usually go for the throat en général, les chiens attaquent à la gorge;

∎ they went for each other (physically) ils se sont jetés l'un sur l'autre; (verbally) ils s'en sont pris l'un à l'autre;

∎ the newspapers really went for the senator les journaux s'en sont pris au sénateur sans retenue;

∎ go for him! (to dog) attaque!

(d) familiar (like) aimer^□, adorer^□ ;

∎ I don't really go for that idea l'idée ne me dit pas grand-chose;

∎ he really goes for her in a big way il est vraiment fou d'elle

(e) (choose, prefer) choisir, préférer

(f) (apply to, concern) concerner, s'appliquer à;

∎ what I said goes for both of you ce que j'ai dit vaut pour ou s'applique à vous deux;

∎ pollution is a real problem in Paris - that goes for Rome too la pollution pose un énorme problème à Paris - c'est la même chose à Rome;

∎ and the same goes for me et moi aussi

(g) (have as result) servir à;

∎ his twenty years of service went for nothing ses vingt ans de service n'ont servi à rien

(h) (be to the advantage of)

∎ she has a lot going for her elle a beaucoup d'atouts;

∎ that idea hasn't got much going for it frankly cette idée n'est franchement pas très convaincante

➲ go forth intransitive verb archaic or literary

(a) (leave) sortir;

∎ the army went forth into battle l'armée s'est mise en route pour la bataille;

∎ Bible go forth and multiply croissez et multipliez-vous

(b) (be pronounced) être prononcé; (be published) paraître;

∎ the command went forth that… il fut décrété que…

➲ go forward intransitive verb

(s')avancer;

∎ the clocks go forward tomorrow on avance les pendules demain;

∎ if this scheme goes forward… si ce projet est accepté…

➲ go in intransitive verb

(a) (enter) entrer, rentrer;

∎ it's cold - let's go in il fait froid - entrons;

∎ it's too big, it won't go in c'est trop grand, ça ne rentrera pas

(b) (disappear → moon, sun) se cacher

(c) Sport (in cricket) prendre son tour au guichet

(d) Military (attack) attaquer

➲ go in for inseparable transitive verb

(a) (engage in → activity, hobby, sport) pratiquer, faire; (→ occupation) se consacrer à; (→ politics) s'occuper de, faire;

∎ she went in for company law elle s'est lancée dans le droit commercial;

∎ he thought about going in for teaching il a pensé devenir enseignant

(b) familiar (be interested in) s'intéresser à^□ ; (like) aimer^□ ;

∎ I don't go in much for opera je n'aime pas trop l'opéra, l'opéra ne me dit rien;

∎ he goes in for special effects in a big way il est très branché effets spéciaux;

∎ we don't go in for that kind of film nous n'aimons pas ce genre de film;

∎ this publisher doesn't really go in for fiction cet éditeur ne fait pas tellement dans le roman

(c) familiar (use)

∎ they don't go in for injections so much nowadays ils ne sont pas tellement pour les piqûres de nos jours;

∎ why do scientists go in for all that jargon? pourquoi est-ce que les scientifiques utilisent tout ce jargon?

(d) (take part in → competition, race) prendre part à; (→ examination) se présenter à

(e) (apply for → job, position) poser sa candidature à, postuler

➲ go into inseparable transitive verb

(a) (enter → building, house) entrer dans; (→ activity, profession) entrer à ou dans; (→ politics, business) se lancer dans;

∎ she's gone into hospital elle est (r)entrée à l'hôpital;

∎ to go into the army (as profession) devenir militaire de carrière; (as conscript) partir au service;

∎ he went into medicine il a choisi la médecine

(b) (be invested → of effort, money, time)

∎ a lot of care had gone into making her feel at home on s'était donné beaucoup de peine pour la mettre à l'aise;

∎ two months of research went into our report nous avons mis ou investi deux mois de recherche dans notre rapport

(c) (embark on → action) commencer à; (→ explanation, speech) se lancer ou s'embarquer dans, (se mettre à) donner; (→ problem) aborder;

∎ I'll go into the problem of your taxes later j'aborderai le problème de vos impôts plus tard;

∎ the car went into a skid la voiture a commencé à déraper;

∎ to go into hysterics avoir une crise de nerfs;

∎ to go into fits of laughter être pris d'un fou rire

(d) (examine, investigate) examiner, étudier;

∎ you need to go into the question more deeply vous devez examiner le problème de plus près;

∎ the matter is being gone into l'affaire est à l'étude

(e) (explain in depth) entrer dans;

∎ the essay goes into the moral aspects of the question l'essai aborde les aspects moraux de la question;

∎ I won't go into details je ne vais pas entrer dans les détails;

∎ let's not go into that ne parlons pas de ça

(f) (begin to wear) se mettre à porter;

∎ to go into mourning prendre le deuil

(g) (hit, run into) entrer dans;

∎ a car went into him une voiture lui est rentrée dedans

(h) Computing (file, program) aller dans;

∎ to go into a file aller dans un fichier

➲ go off

1 intransitive verb

(a) (leave) partir, s'en aller;

∎ she went off to work elle est partie travailler;

∎ her husband has gone off and left her son mari l'a quittée;

∎ Theatre the actors went off les acteurs ont quitté la scène

(b) (stop operating → light, radio) s'éteindre; (→ heating) s'éteindre, s'arrêter; (→ pain) partir, s'arrêter;

∎ the electricity went off l'électricité a été coupée

(c) (become activated → bomb, firework) exploser; (→ gun) partir; (→ alarm, alarm clock) sonner;

∎ the grenade went off in her hand la grenade a explosé dans sa main;

∎ the gun didn't go off le coup n'est pas parti;

∎ figurative to go off into fits of laughter être pris d'un fou rire

(d) (have specified outcome) se passer;

∎ the interview went off badly/well l'entretien s'est mal/bien passé;

∎ her speech went off well son discours a été bien reçu

(e) (fall asleep) s'endormir

(f) British (deteriorate → food) s'avarier, se gâter; (→ milk) tourner; (→ butter) rancir; (→ athlete, sportsperson) perdre sa forme;

∎ the play goes off in the second half la pièce se gâte pendant la seconde partie

2 inseparable transitive verb

British familiar (stop liking) perdre le goût de^□ ;

∎ he's gone off classical music/smoking il n'aime plus la musique classique/fumer, la musique classique/fumer ne l'intéresse plus;

∎ I've gone off the idea cette idée ne me dit plus rien;

∎ she's gone off her boyfriend son copain ne l'intéresse plus;

∎ funny how you can go off people c'est drôle comme on se lasse des gens parfois

➲ go off with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (leave with) partir avec;

∎ he went off with the woman next door il est parti avec la voisine

(b) (make off with) partir avec;

∎ someone has gone off with his keys quelqu'un est parti avec ses clés;

∎ he went off with the jewels il s'est enfui avec les bijoux

➲ go on

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move, proceed) aller; (without stopping) poursuivre son chemin; (after stopping) repartir, se remettre en route;

∎ you go on, I'll catch up allez-y, je vous rattraperai (en chemin);

∎ they went on without us ils sont partis sans nous;

∎ after dinner they went on to Susan's house après le dîner, ils sont allés chez Susan;

∎ we went on home nous sommes rentrés

(b) (continue action) continuer;

∎ she went on (with her) reading elle a continué à ou de lire;

∎ the chairman went on speaking le président a continué son discours;

∎ "and that's not all", he went on "et ce n'est pas tout", a-t-il poursuivi;

∎ you can't go on being a student for ever! tu ne peux pas être étudiant toute ta vie!;

∎ go on looking! cherchez encore!;

∎ go on, ask her vas-y, demande-lui;

∎ familiar go on, be a devil vas-y, laisse-toi tenter!;

∎ go on, I'm listening continuez, je vous écoute;

∎ I can't go on like this! je ne peux plus continuer comme ça!;

∎ if he goes on like this, he'll get fired s'il continue comme ça, il va se faire renvoyer;

∎ their affair has been going on for years leur liaison dure depuis des années;

∎ the party went on into the small hours la soirée s'est prolongée jusqu'à très tôt le matin;

∎ life goes on la vie continue ou va son train;

∎ British familiar go on (with you)! allons, arrête de me faire marcher!;

∎ they have enough (work) to be going on with ils ont du pain sur la planche ou de quoi faire pour le moment;

∎ here's £25 to be going on with voilà 25 livres pour te dépanner

(c) (proceed to another action)

∎ he went on to explain why il a ensuite expliqué pourquoi;

∎ to go on to another question passer à une autre question;

∎ she went on to become a doctor elle est ensuite devenue médecin

(d) (be placed, fit) aller;

∎ the lid goes on this way le couvercle se met comme ça;

∎ I can't get the lid to go on je n'arrive pas à mettre le couvercle;

∎ the cap goes on the other end le bouchon se met ou va sur l'autre bout

(e) (happen, take place) se passer;

∎ what's going on here? qu'est-ce qui se passe ici?;

∎ there was a fight going on il y avait une bagarre;

∎ a lot of cheating goes on during the exams on triche beaucoup pendant les examens;

∎ several conversations were going on at once il y avait plusieurs conversations à la fois;

∎ while the war was going on pendant la guerre

(f) (elapse) passer, s'écouler;

∎ as the week went on au fur et à mesure que la semaine passait;

∎ as time goes on avec le temps, à mesure que le temps passe

(g) familiar (chatter, talk) parler^□, jacasser^□ ;

∎ she does go on! elle n'arrête pas de parler!, c'est un vrai moulin à paroles!;

∎ he goes on and on about politics il parle politique sans cesse;

∎ don't go on about it! ça va, on a compris!;

∎ I don't want to go on about it, but... je ne voudrais pas avoir l'air d'insister, mais...;

∎ what are you going on about now? qu'est-ce que vous racontez?

(h) familiar (act, behave) se conduire^□, se comporter^□ ;

∎ what a way to go on! en voilà des manières!

(i) (start operating → light, radio, television) s'allumer; (→ heating, motor, power) s'allumer, se mettre en marche

(j) Sport (player) prendre sa place, entrer en jeu

(k) Theatre (actor) entrer en scène

(l) (approach)

∎ he's going on for forty il va sur ses quarante ans

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (enter → boat, train) monter dans

(b) (embark on)

∎ to go on a journey/a holiday partir en voyage/en vacances;

∎ to go on a diet se mettre au régime

(c) (be guided by) se laisser guider par, se fonder ou se baser sur;

∎ the detective didn't have much to go on le détective n'avait pas grand-chose sur quoi s'appuyer ou qui puisse le guider;

∎ she goes a lot on instinct elle se fie beaucoup à ou se fonde beaucoup sur son instinct

(d) (approach)

∎ he's going on forty-five il va sur ses quarante-cinq ans;

∎ humorous she's fifteen going on forty-five (wise) elle a quinze ans mais elle est déjà très mûre; (old beyond her years) elle a quinze ans mais elle est vieille avant l'âge

(e) British familiar (usu neg) (appreciate, like) aimer^□ ;

∎ I don't go much on abstract art l'art abstrait ne me dit pas grand-chose

➲ go on at inseparable transitive verb

familiar (criticize) critiquer^□ ; (nag) s'en prendre à^□ ;

∎ the boss went on and on at her at the meeting le patron n'a pas cessé de s'en prendre à elle pendant la réunion;

∎ he's always going on at his wife about money il est toujours sur le dos de sa femme avec les questions d'argent;

∎ I went on at my mother to go and see the doctor j'ai embêté ma mère pour qu'elle aille voir le médecin;

∎ don't go on at me! laisse-moi tranquille!

➲ go out intransitive verb

(a) (leave) sortir;

∎ my parents made us go out of the room mes parents nous ont fait sortir de la pièce ou quitter la pièce;

∎ to go out for a meal aller au restaurant;

∎ to go out to dinner sortir dîner;

∎ to go out for a walk aller se promener, aller faire une promenade;

∎ she's gone out to get a paper elle est sortie (pour) acheter un journal;

∎ they went out to the country ils sont allés ou ils ont fait une sortie à la campagne;

∎ she goes out to work elle travaille en dehors de la maison ou hors de chez elle;

∎ he went out of her life il est sorti de sa vie;

∎ she was dressed to go out (ready to leave) elle était prête à sortir; (dressed up) elle était très habillée

(b) (travel) partir; (emigrate) émigrer;

∎ they went out to Africa (travelled) ils sont partis en Afrique; (emigrated) ils sont partis vivre ou ils ont émigré en Afrique

(c) (date) sortir;

∎ to go out with sb sortir avec qn;

∎ we've been going out together for a month ça fait un mois que nous sortons ensemble

(d) (fire, light) s'éteindre

(e) (disappear) disparaître;

∎ the joy went out of her eyes la joie a disparu de son regard;

∎ the spring went out of his step il a perdu sa démarche légère;

∎ all the heart went out of her elle a perdu courage

(f) (cease to be fashionable) passer de mode, se démoder;

∎ to go out of style/fashion ne plus être le bon style/à la mode;

∎ familiar that hairstyle went out with the ark cette coiffure remonte au déluge

(g) (tide) descendre, se retirer;

∎ the tide has gone out la marée est descendue, la mer s'est retirée;

∎ the tide goes out 6 kilometres la mer se retire sur 6 kilomètres

(h) figurative (set out)

∎ I went out to see for myself j'ai décidé de voir par moi-même;

∎ we have to go out and do something about this il faut que nous prenions des mesures ou que nous fassions quelque chose

(i) (be sent → letter) être envoyé; (be published → brochure, pamphlet) être distribué; (be broadcast → radio or television programme) être diffusé

(j) (feelings, sympathies) aller;

∎ our thoughts go out to all those who suffer nos pensées vont vers tous ceux qui souffrent;

∎ my heart goes out to her je suis de tout cœur avec elle dans son chagrin

(k) Sport (be eliminated) être éliminé;

∎ Agassi went out to Henman Agassi s'est fait sortir par Henman

(l) Cards terminer

(m) familiar (idiom)

∎ she went all out to help us elle a fait tout son possible pour nous aider^□

➲ go over

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move overhead) passer;

∎ I just saw a plane go over je viens de voir passer un avion

(b) (move in particular direction) aller; (cross) traverser;

∎ I went over to see her je suis allé la voir;

∎ they went over to talk to her ils sont allés lui parler;

∎ to go over to Europe aller en Europe

(c) (turn upside down) se retourner; (capsize → boat) chavirer, capoter

(d) (change, switch) changer;

∎ I've gone over to another brand of washing powder je viens de changer de marque de lessive;

∎ when will we go over to the metric system? quand est-ce qu'on va passer au système métrique?

(e) (change allegiance) passer, se joindre;

∎ he's gone over to the Socialists il est passé dans le camp des socialistes;

∎ she went over to the enemy elle est passée à l'ennemi

(f) (be received) passer;

∎ the speech went over badly/well le discours a mal/bien passé

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (move, travel over) passer par-dessus;

∎ the horse went over the fence le cheval a sauté (par-dessus) la barrière;

∎ we went over a bump on a pris une bosse

(b) (examine → argument, problem) examiner, considérer; (→ accounts, report) examiner, vérifier;

∎ would you go over my report? voulez-vous regarder mon rapport?

(c) (repeat) répéter; (review → notes, speech) réviser, revoir; (→ facts) récapituler, revoir; School réviser;

∎ she went over the interview in her mind elle a repassé l'entretien dans son esprit;

∎ I kept going over everything leading up to the accident je continuais de repenser à tous les détails qui avaient conduit à l'accident;

∎ let's go over it again reprenons, récapitulons;

∎ he goes over and over the same stories il rabâche les mêmes histoires

(d) (rehearse) refaire; (bars of music) rejouer; (sing) rechanter

(e) Television & Radio

∎ let's go over now to our Birmingham studios passons l'antenne à notre studio de Birmingham;

∎ we're going over live now to Paris nous allons maintenant à Paris où nous sommes en direct

➲ go past inseparable transitive verb

(move in front of) passer devant; (move beyond) dépasser

➲ go round

1 intransitive verb

(a) (be enough)

∎ is there enough cake to go round? est-ce qu'il y a assez de gâteau pour tout le monde?;

∎ to make the food go round ménager la nourriture

(b) (visit) aller;

∎ we went round to his house nous sommes allés chez lui;

∎ I'm going round there later on j'y vais plus tard

(c) (circulate → rumour) circuler, courir; (→ bottle, cold, flu) circuler

(d) (be continuously present → idea, tune)

∎ that song keeps going round in my head j'ai cette chanson dans la tête

(e) (spin → wheel) tourner;

∎ figurative my head's going round j'ai la tête qui tourne

(f) (make a detour) faire un détour;

∎ to go round the long way faire un long détour

2 inseparable transitive verb

(tour → museum) faire le tour de;

∎ I hate going round the shops j'ai horreur de faire les boutiques

➲ go through

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (crowd, tunnel) traverser;

∎ figurative a shiver went through her un frisson l'a parcourue ou traversée

(b) (endure, experience) subir, souffrir;

∎ he's going through hell c'est l'enfer pour lui;

∎ we all have to go through it sometime on doit tous y passer un jour ou l'autre;

∎ I can't face going through all that again je ne supporterais pas de passer par là une deuxième fois;

∎ after everything she's gone through après tout ce qu'elle a subi ou enduré;

∎ we've gone through a lot together nous avons vécu beaucoup de choses ensemble

(c) (consume, use up → supplies) épuiser; (→ money) dépenser; (→ food) consommer; (wear out) user;

∎ she goes through a pair of tights a week elle use une paire de collants par semaine;

∎ I've gone through the toes of my socks j'ai usé ou troué mes chaussettes au bout;

∎ humorous how many assistants has he gone through now? combien d'assistants a-t-il déjà eus?;

∎ his novel has gone through six editions il y a déjà eu six éditions de son roman

(d) (examine → accounts, document) examiner, vérifier; (→ list, proposal) éplucher; (→ mail) dépouiller; (→ drawer, pockets) fouiller (dans); (→ files) chercher dans; (sort) trier;

∎ we went through the contract together nous avons regardé ou examiné le contrat ensemble;

∎ did customs go through your suitcase? est-ce qu'ils ont fouillé votre valise à la douane?;

∎ he went through her pockets il a fouillé ses poches

(e) (of bill, law) être voté;

∎ the bill went through Parliament last week le projet de loi a été voté la semaine dernière au Parlement

(f) (carry out, perform → movement, work) faire; (→ formalities) remplir, accomplir;

∎ Music let's go through the introduction again reprenons l'introduction;

∎ we had to go through the whole business of applying for a visa nous avons dû nous farcir toutes les démarches pour obtenir un visa

(g) (participate in → course of study) étudier; (→ ceremony) participer à

(h) (practise → lesson, poem) réciter; (→ role, scene) répéter;

∎ let's go through it again from the beginning reprenons dès le début

2 intransitive verb

(a) (travel through, penetrate) passer, traverser

(b) (offer, proposal) être accepté; (business deal) être conclu, se faire; (bill, law) passer, être voté; (divorce) être prononcé;

∎ the adoption finally went through l'adoption s'est faite finalement

➲ go through with inseparable transitive verb

∎ to go through with sth aller jusqu'au bout de qch, exécuter qch;

∎ he'll never go through with it il n'ira jamais jusqu'au bout;

∎ they went through with their threat ils ont exécuté leur menace

➲ go together intransitive verb

(a) (colours, flavours) aller bien ensemble; (characteristics, ideas) aller de pair;

∎ the two things often go together les deux choses vont souvent de pair

(b) American (people) sortir ensemble

➲ go towards inseparable transitive verb

(a) (move towards) aller vers

(b) (effort, money) être consacré à;

∎ all her energy went towards fighting illiteracy elle a dépensé toute son énergie à combattre l'analphabétisme

➲ go under

1 intransitive verb

(a) (go down → ship) couler, sombrer; (→ person) couler, disparaître (sous l'eau)

(b) figurative (fail → business) couler, faire faillite; (→ project) couler, échouer; (→ person) échouer, sombrer

(c) (under anaesthetic) s'endormir

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (move, travel underneath) passer par-dessous

(b) (be known)

∎ to go under a false/different name utiliser ou prendre un faux nom/un nom différent;

∎ a glue that goes under the name of Stikit une colle qui s'appelle Stikit

➲ go up

1 intransitive verb

(a) (ascend, climb → person) monter, aller en haut; (→ lift) monter;

∎ to go up to town aller en ville;

∎ I'm going up to bed je monte me coucher;

∎ have you ever gone up in an aeroplane? êtes-vous déjà monté en avion?;

∎ going up! (in lift) on monte!;

∎ to go up in the world faire son chemin

(b) (increase → amount, numbers) augmenter, croître; (→ price) monter, augmenter; (→ temperature) monter, s'élever;

∎ rents are going up les loyers sont en hausse;

∎ meat is going up (in price) (le prix de) la viande augmente;

∎ to go up in sb's estimation monter dans l'estime de qn

(c) (sudden noise) s'élever;

∎ a shout went up un cri s'éleva

(d) (appear → notices, posters) apparaître; (be built) être construit;

∎ new buildings are going up all over town de nouveaux immeubles surgissent dans toute la ville

(e) (explode, be destroyed) sauter, exploser

(f) Music (raise pitch) monter

(g) Theatre (curtain) se lever;

∎ before the curtain goes up avant le lever du rideau

(h) British University entrer à l'université;

∎ she went up to Oxford in 1950 elle est entrée à Oxford en 1950

(i) American familiar (be sent to prison)

∎ he went up for murder il a fait de la taule pour meurtre

(j) Sport (be promoted)

∎ they look set to go up to the First Division ils ont l'air prêts à entrer en première division

2 inseparable transitive verb

monter;

∎ to go up a hill/ladder monter une colline/sur une échelle;

∎ Music the pianist went up an octave le pianiste a monté d'une octave;

∎ British School to go up a class monter d'une classe

➲ go up to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (approach)

∎ to go up to sb/sth se diriger vers qn/qch;

∎ the path goes up to the front door le chemin mène à la porte d'entrée

(b) (go as far as)

∎ the book only goes up to the end of the war le livre ne va que jusqu'à la fin de la guerre;

∎ I will go up to £100 je veux bien aller jusqu'à 100 livres

➲ go with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (accompany, escort) accompagner, aller avec;

∎ figurative to go with the crowd suivre la foule ou le mouvement;

∎ you have to go with the times il faut vivre avec son temps

(b) (be compatible → colours, flavours) aller avec;

∎ that hat doesn't go with your suit ce chapeau ne va pas avec ton ensemble;

∎ a white Burgundy goes well with snails le bourgogne blanc se marie bien ou va bien avec les escargots

(c) (be part of) aller avec;

∎ the flat goes with the job l'appartement va avec le poste;

∎ the sense of satisfaction that goes with having done a good job le sentiment de satisfaction qu'apporte le travail bien fait;

∎ mathematical ability usually goes with skill at chess des capacités en mathématiques vont souvent de pair avec un don pour les échecs

(d) familiar (spend time with) sortir avec^□ ;

∎ euphemism he's been going with other women (having sex) il a été avec d'autres femmes

➲ go without

1 inseparable transitive verb

se passer de, se priver de;

∎ he went without sleep or without sleeping for two days il n'a pas dormi pendant deux jours

2 intransitive verb

s'en passer;

∎ we'll just have to go without il faudra s'en passer, c'est tout

ⓘ Do not pass go, (do not collect £200/$200) Au Monopoly les joueurs tirent parfois une carte qui les envoie sur la case "prison". Sur cette carte sont inscrits les mots do not pass go, do not collect £200 (ou bien do not collect $200 s'il s'agit de la version américaine). Cette phrase, dont la version française est "ne passez pas par la case départ, ne recevez pas 20 000 francs", est utilisée de façon allusive et sur le mode humoristique dans différents contextes: on dira par exemple you do that again and you're going straight to jail, Bill. Do not pass go, do not collect $200 ("refais ça, Bill, et je t'assure que tu iras droit en prison). On peut également utiliser cette expression lorsque quelqu'un essaie de mener un projet à bien mais rencontre des obstacles: the country is trying hard to get back on its feet but because of the civil war it has not even been allowed to pass go, let alone collect £200 ("le pays fait de son mieux pour se rétablir mais la guerre civile n'arrange rien, bien au contraire").

ⓘ Go ahead, make my day C'est la formule prononcée par l'inspecteur Harry Callahan (incarné par Clint Eastwood) dans le film Sudden Impact (1983) lorsqu'il se trouve confronté à un gangster. Il s'agit d'une façon d'encourager le bandit à se servir de son arme afin de pouvoir l'abattre en état de légitime défense: "allez, vas-y, fais-moi plaisir". On utilise cette formule par allusion au film et en réaction à une personne qui vient de proférer des menaces. Ainsi, le président Reagan s'en servit en s'adressant à des travailleurs qui menaçaient de se mettre en grève.

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > go
17 go

go ⇒ Usage note: go

A vi (3^e pers sg prés goes ; prét went ; pp gone)

1 (move, travel) aller (from de ; to à, en) ; to go to London/Paris aller à Londres/Paris ; to go to Wales/to Ireland/to California aller au Pays de Galles/en Irlande/en Californie ; to go to town/to the country aller en ville/à la campagne ; they went home ils sont rentrés chez eux ; she's gone to Paris elle est allée à Paris ; to go up/down/across monter/descendre/traverser ; I went into the room je suis entré dans la pièce ; to go by bus/train/plane voyager en bus/train/avion ; we went there by bus nous y sommes allés en bus ; to go by ou past [person, vehicle] passer ; that car's going very fast! cette voiture roule très vite! ; there he goes again! ( that's him again) le revoilà! ; fig ( he's starting again) le voilà qui recommence!, c'est reparti! ; who goes there? Mil qui va là? ; where do we go from here? fig et maintenant qu'est-ce qu'on fait? ;

2 (on specific errand, activity) aller ; to go shopping aller faire des courses ; to go swimming (in sea, river) aller se baigner ; ( in pool) aller à la piscine ; to go for a walk aller se promener ; to go on a journey/on holiday partir en voyage/en vacances ; to go for a drink aller prendre un verre ; he's gone to get some wine il est allé chercher du vin ; go and answer the phone va répondre au téléphone ; go and tell them that… va leur dire que… ; go after him! poursuivez-le! ;

3 ( attend) aller ; to go to school/ church aller à l'école/l'église ; to go to work aller or se rendre au travail ; to go to the doctor's/dentist's aller chez le médecin/dentiste ;

4 ( used as auxiliary with present participle) she went running up the stairs elle a monté l'escalier en courant ; she went complaining to the principal elle est allée se plaindre au directeur ;

5 ( depart) partir ; I must go, I must be going il faut que je parte or que je m'en aille ; the train goes at six o'clock le train part à six heures ; a train goes every hour il y a un train toutes les heures ; to go on holiday partir en vacances ; be gone! va-t'en!, allez-vous en! ;

6 euph ( die) mourir, disparaître ; when I am gone quand je ne serai plus là ; the doctors say she could go at any time d'après les médecins elle risque de mourir d'un instant à l'autre ;

7 ( disappear) partir ; half the money goes on school fees la moitié de l'argent part en frais de scolarité ; the money/cake has all gone il ne reste plus d'argent/de gâteau ; I left my bike outside and now it's gone j'ai laissé mon vélo dehors et il n'est plus là or il a disparu ; there goes my chance of winning! c'en est fait de mes chances de gagner! ;

8 (be sent, transmitted) it can't go by post on ne peut pas l'envoyer par la poste ; these proposals will go before parliament ces propositions seront soumises au parlement ;

9 ( become) to go red rougir ; to go white blanchir ; his hair ou he is going grey il commençe à avoir les cheveux blancs ; to go mad devenir fou/folle ; to go bankrupt faire faillite ;

10 ( change over to new system) to go Labour/Conservative Pol [country, constituency] voter travailliste/conservateur ; to go metric adopter le système métrique ; ⇒ private, public ;

11 (be, remain) the people went hungry les gens n'avaient rien à manger ; we went for two days without food nous avons passé deux jours sans rien manger ; to go unnoticed passer inaperçu ; to go unpunished rester impuni ; the question went unanswered la question est restée sans réponse ; to go naked se promener tout nu ; he was allowed to go free il a été libéré or remis en liberté ;

12 (weaken, become impaired) his memory/mind is going il perd la mémoire/l'esprit ; his hearing is going il devient sourd ; my voice is going je n'ai plus de voix ; the battery is going la batterie est presque à plat ; the engine is going le moteur a des ratés ;

13 ( of time) ( elapse) s'écouler ; three hours went by before… trois heures se sont écoulées avant que… (+ subj) ; there are only three days to go before Christmas il ne reste plus que trois jours avant Noël ; how's the time going? quelle heure est-il? ; it's just gone seven o'clock il est un peu plus de sept heures ;

14 ( be got rid of) he's totally inefficient, he'll have to go! il est complètement incapable, il va falloir qu'on se débarrasse de lui! ; that new lampshade is hideous, it'll have to go! ce nouvel abat-jour est affreux, il va falloir qu'on s'en débarrasse! ; the car will have to go il va falloir vendre la voiture ; either she goes or I do! c'est elle ou moi! ; six down and four to go! six de faits, et encore quatre à faire! ;

15 (operate, function) [vehicle, machine, clock] marcher, fonctionner ; to set [sth] going mettre [qch] en marche ; to get going [engine, machine] se mettre en marche ; fig [business] démarrer ; to get the fire going allumer le feu ; to keep going [person, business, machine] tenir le coup ○, se maintenir ; we have several projects going at the moment nous avons plusieurs projets en route en ce moment ; ⇒ keep ;

16 ( start) let's get going! allons-y!, allez, on commençe! ; we'll have to get going on that translation il va falloir qu'on se mette à faire cette traduction ; to get things going mettre les choses en train ; ready, steady, go! à vos marques, prêts, partez! ; here goes!, here we go! c'est parti! ; once he gets going, he never stops une fois lancé, il n'arrête pas ;

17 ( lead) aller, conduire, mener (to à) ; that corridor goes to the kitchen le couloir va or conduit à la cuisine ; the road goes down to the sea/goes up the mountain la route descend vers la mer/monte au sommet de la montagne ; this road goes past the cemetery ce chemin passe à côté du cimetière ;

18 ( extend in depth or scope) the roots of the plant go very deep les racines de la plante s'enfoncent très profondément ; the historical reasons for this conflict go very deep les raisons historiques de ce conflit remontent très loin ; these habits go very deep ces habitudes sont profondément ancrées or enracinées ; as far as that goes pour ce qui est de cela ; it's true as far as it goes c'est vrai dans un sens or dans une certaine mesure ; she'll go far! elle ira loin! ; this time he's gone too far! cette fois il est allé trop loin! ; a hundred pounds doesn't go far these days on ne va pas loin avec cent livres sterling de nos jours ; one leg of lamb doesn't go very far among twelve people un gigot d'agneau n'est pas suffisant pour douze personnes ; this goes a long way towards explaining his attitude ceci explique en grande partie son attitude ; you can make £5 go a long way on peut faire beaucoup de choses avec 5 livres sterling ;

19 (belong, be placed) aller ; where do these plates go? où vont ces assiettes? ; that table goes beside the bed cette table va à côté du lit ; the suitcases will have to go in the back il va falloir mettre les valises derrière ;

20 ( fit) gen rentrer ; it won't go into the box ça ne rentre pas dans la boîte ; five into four won't go quatre n'est pas divisible par cinq ; three into six goes twice six divisé par trois, ça fait deux ;

21 (be expressed, sung etc in particular way) I can't remember how the poem goes je n'arrive pas à me rappeler le poème ; how does the song go? quel est l'air de la chanson? ; the song goes something like this la chanson ressemble à peu près à ça ; as the saying goes comme dit le proverbe ; the story goes that le bruit court que, on dit que ; her theory goes something like this… sa théorie consiste à peu près à dire que… ;

22 ( be accepted) what he says goes c'est lui qui fait la loi ; it goes without saying that il va sans dire que ; that goes without saying cela va sans dire ; anything goes tout est permis ;

23 ( be about to) to be going to do aller faire ; it's going to snow il va neiger ; I was just going to phone you j'étais justement sur le point de t'appeler, j'allais justement t'appeler ; I'm going to phone him right now je vais l'appeler tout de suite ; I'm not going to be treated like that! je ne vais pas me laisser faire comme ça! ; we were going to go to Italy, but we changed our plans nous devions aller en Italie, mais nous avons changé d'idée ;

24 ( happen) the party went very well la soirée s'est très bien passée ; so far the campaign is going well jusqu'à maintenant la campagne a bien marché ; how did the evening go? comment s'est passée la soirée? ; the way things are going, I don't think we'll ever get finished vu la façon dont les choses se passent or si ça continue comme ça, je pense qu'on n'aura jamais fini ; how's it going ○ ?, how are things going? comment ça va ○ ? ; how goes it? hum comment ça va ○ ?, comment va ◑ ? ;

25 ( be on average) it's old, as Australian towns go c'est une ville assez vieille pour une ville australienne ; it wasn't a bad party, as parties go c'était une soirée plutôt réussie par rapport à la moyenne ;

26 ( be sold) the house went for over £100,000 la maison a été vendue à plus de 100 000 livres ; we won't let the house go for less than £100,000 nous ne voulons pas vendre la maison à moins de 100 000 livres ; those rugs are going cheap ces tapis ne sont pas chers ; the house will go to the highest bidder la maison sera vendue au plus offrant ; ‘going, going, gone!’ ( at auction) ‘une fois, deux fois, trois fois, adjugé!’ ;

27 ( be on offer) I'll have some coffee, if there's any going je prendrai bien un café, s'il y en a ; are there any drinks going? est-ce qu'il y a quelque chose à boire? ; I'll have whatever's going je prendrai ce qu'il y a ; it's the best machine going c'est la meilleure machine sur le marché ; there's a job going at their London office il y a un poste libre dans leur bureau de Londres ;

28 ( contribute) the money will go towards a new roof l'argent servira à payer un nouveau toit ; the elements that go to make a great film les éléments qui font un bon film ; everything that goes to make a good teacher toutes les qualités d'un bon enseignant ;

29 ( be given) [award, prize] aller (to à) ; [estate, inheritance, title] passer (to à) ; the money will go to charity les bénéfices iront aux bonnes œuvres ; most of the credit should go to the author la plus grande partie du mérite revient à l'auteur ; the job went to a local man le poste a été donné à un homme de la région ;

30 ( emphatic use) she's gone and told everybody! elle est allée le dire à tout le monde! ; why did he go and spoil it? pourquoi est-il allé tout gâcher ? ; you've gone and ruined everything! tu t'es débrouillé pour tout gâcher! ; he went and won the competition! il s'est débrouillé pour gagner le concours! ; you've really gone and done it now! tu peux être fier de toi! iron ; then he had to go and lose his wallet comme s'il ne manquait plus que ça, il a perdu son portefeuille ;

31 ( of money) (be spent, used up) all his money goes on drink tout son argent passe dans l'alcool ; most of his salary goes on rent la plus grande partie de son salaire passe dans le loyer ; I don't know where all my money goes (to)! je ne sais pas ce que je fais de mon argent! ;

32 (make sound, perform action or movement) gen faire ; [bell, alarm] sonner ; the cat went ‘miaow’ le chat a fait ‘miaou’ ; wait until the bell goes attends que la cloche sonne ( subj) ; she went like this with her fingers elle a fait comme ça avec ses doigts ; so he goes ‘what about my money ○ ?’ et puis il dit or il fait, ‘et mon argent?’ ;

33 (resort to, have recourse to) to go to war [country] entrer en guerre ; [soldier] partir à la guerre ; to go to law GB ou to the law US aller en justice ;

34 (break, collapse etc) [roof] s'effondrer ; [cable, rope] se rompre, céder ; ( fuse) [light bulb] griller ;

35 (bid, bet) aller ; I'll go as high as £100 j'irai jusqu'à 100 livres sterling ; I went up to £100 je suis allé jusqu'à 100 livres sterling ;

36 ( take one's turn) you go next c'est ton tour après, c'est à toi après ; you go first après vous ;

37 ( be in harmony) those two colours don't go together ces deux couleurs ne vont pas ensemble ; the curtains don't go with the carpet les rideaux ne vont pas avec le tapis ; white wine goes better with fish than red wine le vin blanc va mieux avec le poisson que le rouge ;

38 ○ euph ( relieve oneself) aller aux toilettes ;

39 US ( in takeaway) to go à emporter ; two hamburgers to go! deux hamburgers à emporter!

B vtr (3^e pers sg prés goes ; prét went ; pp gone) ( see usage note)

1 ( travel) we had gone ten miles before we realized that… nous avions déjà fait dix kilomètres quand nous nous sommes rendu compte que… ; are you going my way? tu vas dans la même direction que moi? ; to go one's own way fig suivre son chemin ;

2 ○ (bet, bid) I go two diamonds ( in cards) j'annonce deux carreaux ; he went £20 il a mis or parié 20 livres sterling.

C n (pl goes)

1 GB ( person's turn) tour m ; ( try) essai m ; it's your go ( in game) c'est ton tour, c'est à toi ; whose go is it? gen à qui le tour? ; ( in game) à qui de jouer? ; you've had two goes ( in game) tu as eu deux tours ; ( two attempts at mending sth) tu as déjà essayé deux fois ; to have a go at sth essayer de faire qch ; have another go! essaie encore une fois or un coup! ; she had several goes at the exam elle a repassé l'examen plusieurs fois ; I had to have several goes before passing j'ai dû m'y reprendre à plusieurs fois avant de réussir ;

2 ○ ( energy) dynamisme m ; to be full of go, to be all go être très dynamique, avoir beaucoup d'allant ; he has no go in him il manque de dynamisme ;

3 ○ GB ( bout) ( of illness) attaque f ;

4 ⇒ Games and sports ( board game) go m.

D adj all systems are go! Aerosp tout est paré pour le lancement!

Idioms

to have a go at sb s'en prendre à qn ; to make a go of sth réussir qch ; she's always on the go elle n'arrête jamais ; he's all go ○ ! il n'arrête pas! ; it's all the go ○ ! ça fait fureur! ; we have several different projects on the go at the moment nous avons plusieurs projets différents en chantier or en cours en ce moment ; (it's) no go! pas question! ; from the word go dès le départ ; that was a near go ○ ! on l'a échappé belle! ; in one go d'un seul coup ; to go one better than sb renchérir sur qn ; that's how it goes!, that's the way it goes! ainsi va le monde!, c'est la vie! ; there you go ○ ! voilà!

Phrasal verbs

■ go about:

▶ go about

1 = go around ;

2 Naut virer de bord ; prepare to go about! parer à virer! ;

▶ go about [sth]

1 ( undertake) s'attaquer à [task] ; how do you go about writing a novel? comment est-ce que vous vous y prenez pour écrire un roman? ; he knows how to go about it il sait s'y prendre ;

2 ( be busy with) to go about one's business vaquer à ses occupations ; she went about her work mechanically elle faisait son travail machinalement.

■ go across:

▶ go across traverser ; he's gone across to the shop/neighbour's il est allé au magasin en face/chez les voisins en face ;

▶ go across [sth] traverser [street, river, bridge etc].

■ go after:

▶ go after [sth/sb]

1 ( chase) poursuivre [person] ;

2 fig ( try hard to get) he really went after that job il a fait tout son possible pour avoir ce travail.

■ go against:

▶ go against [sb/sth]

1 ( prove unfavourable to) the vote/verdict/decision went against them le vote/le verdict/la décision leur a été défavorable or n'a pas été en leur faveur ; the war is going against them la guerre tourne à leur désavantage ;

2 ( conflict with) être contraire à [rules, principles] ; to go against the trend aller à l'encontre de or être contraire à la tendance ; to go against the party line Pol ne pas être dans la ligne du parti ;

3 (resist, oppose) s'opposer à, aller à l'inverse de [person, sb's wishes].

■ go ahead

1 ( go in front) go ahead, I'll follow you on partez devant, je vous suis ;

2 fig ( proceed) go! ( in conversation) continue! ; go ahead and shoot! vas-y, tire! ; they are going ahead with the project ils ont décidé de mettre le projet en route ; we can go ahead without them nous pouvons continuer sans eux ; next week's strike is to go ahead la grève de la semaine prochaine va avoir lieu.

■ go along

1 ( move along) [person, vehicle] aller, avancer ; to make sth up as one goes along fig inventer qch au fur et à mesure ;

2 ( attend) aller ; she went along as a witch elle y est allée déguisée en sorcière ; I went along as a witness j'y suis allé or je me suis présenté comme témoin.

■ go along with:

▶ go along with [sb/sth] être d'accord avec, accepter [plans, wishes] ; I can't go along with that je ne peux pas accepter ça ; I'll go along with you there je suis d'accord avec vous sur ce point.

■ go around:

▶ go around

1 (move, travel about) se promener, circuler ; to go around naked/barefoot se promener tout nu/pieds nus ; she goes around on a bicycle elle circule à bicyclette ; they go around everywhere together ils vont partout ensemble ;

2 ( circulate) [rumour] courir ; there's a rumour going around that le bruit court que ; there's a virus going around il y a un virus qui traîne ; there isn't enough money to go around il n'y a pas assez d'argent pour tout le monde ;

▶ go around [sth] faire le tour de [house, shops, area] ; to go around the world faire le tour du monde ; they went around the country looking for him ils l'ont cherché dans tout le pays.

■ go at:

▶ go at [sb] ( attack) attaquer, tomber sur ;

▶ go at [sth] s'attaquer à, s'atteler à [task, activity].

■ go away [person] partir ; to go away on holiday GB ou vacation US partir en vacances ; go away and leave me alone! va-t-en et laisse-moi tranquille! ; go away and think about it réfléchissez-y ; don't go away thinking that ne va pas croire que ; this cold/headache just won't go away! je n'arrive pas à me débarrasser de ce rhume/mal de tête! ; the problems aren't just going to go away! les problèmes ne vont pas disparaître tout seuls!

■ go back

1 ( return) retourner ; ( turn back) rebrousser chemin, faire demi-tour ; ( resume work) reprendre le travail ; (resume classes, studies) reprendre les cours ; as it was raining, they decided to go back comme il pleuvait, ils ont décidé de faire demi-tour or de rebrousser chemin ; they went back home ils sont rentrés chez eux ; let's go back to France rentrons en France ; to go back to the beginning recommencer ; to go back to sleep se rendormir ; to go back to work/writing se remettre au travail/à écrire ; go back! the path isn't safe reculez! le chemin est dangereux ; once you've committed yourself, there's no going back une fois que vous vous êtes engagé, vous ne pouvez plus reculer ;

2 ( in time) remonter ; to go back in time remonter dans le temps ; to understand the problem we need to go back 20 years pour comprendre le problème il faut remonter 20 ans en arrière ; this tradition goes back a century cette tradition est vieille d'un siècle ; we go back a long way ça fait longtemps qu'on se connaît ;

3 ( revert) revenir (to à) ; to go back to teaching revenir à l'enseignement ; to go back to being a student reprendre des études ; let's go back to what we were discussing yesterday revenons à ce que dont nous parlions hier.

■ go back on:

▶ go back on [sth] revenir sur [promise, decision].

■ go before:

▶ go before ( go in front) aller au devant ; fig ( in time) se passer avant ; all that had gone before tout ce qui s'était passé avant ;

▶ go before [sb/sth] [person] comparaître devant [court, judge] ; the bill went before parliament le projet de loi a été soumis au parlement.

■ go below gen, Naut descendre.

■ go by:

▶ go by [person] passer ; [time] passer, s'écouler ; as time goes by avec le temps ; don't let such opportunities go by il ne faut pas laisser passer de telles occasions ;

▶ go by [sth]

1 ( judge by) juger d'après ; to go by appearances juger d'après or sur les apparences ; going by her looks, I'd say she was about 30 à la voir, je lui donne 30 ans ; you mustn't go by what you read in the papers il ne faut pas croire tout ce que disent les journaux ; if the trailer is anything to go by, it should be a good film à en juger par la bande-annonce, ça doit être un bon film ; if the father is anything to go by, I wouldn't like to meet the son! quand on voit le père, on n'a pas envie de rencontrer le fils! ;

2 ( proceed by) to go by the rules suivre or observer le règlement ; promotion goes by seniority la promotion se fait à l'ancienneté or en fonction de l'ancienneté.

■ go down:

▶ go down

1 ( descend) gen descendre ; [diver] effectuer une plongée ; to go down to the cellar descendre à la cave ; to go down to the beach aller à la plage ; to go down to the pub aller au pub ; they've gone down to Brighton for a few days ils sont allés passer quelques jours à Brighton ; ‘going down!’ ( in elevator) ‘on descend!’ ; to go down on one's knees se mettre à genoux ;

2 ( fall) [person, aircraft] tomber ; ( sink) [ship] couler, sombrer ; [person] couler, disparaître sous les flots ; most of the passengers went down with the ship la plupart des passagers ont coulé avec le navire ; the plane went down in flames l'avion s'est écrasé en flammes ; the plane went down over Normandy/the Channel l'avion s'est écrasé en Normandie/est tombé dans la Manche ; to go down for the third time [drowning person] disparaître sous les flots et se noyer ;

3 [sun] se coucher ;

4 ( be received) to go down well/badly être bien/mal reçu ; this remark didn't go down at all well cette remarque n'a pas été appréciée du tout ; his jokes went down well/didn't go down well with the audience le public a apprécié/n'a pas beaucoup apprécié ses plaisanteries ; another cup of coffee would go down nicely! une autre tasse de café serait la bienvenue! ;

5 ( be swallowed) it went down the wrong way c'est passé de travers ;

6 ( become lower) [water level, temperature] baisser ; [tide] descendre ; [price, standard] baisser ; ( abate) [storm, wind] se calmer ; [fire] s'éteindre ; the river has/the floods have gone down le niveau de la rivière/des inondations a baissé ; foodstuffs are going down (in price) les produits alimentaires deviennent moins chers ;

7 ( become deflated) [swelling] désenfler ; [tyre, balloon] se dégonfler ;

8 GB Univ ( break up for holiday) terminer les cours ; ( leave university permanently) quitter l'université ; when do you go down? quand est-ce que vous êtes en vacances? ;

9 gen, Sport (fail, be defeated) perdre ; ( be downgraded) redescendre ; Corby went down 6-1 to Oxford Corby a perdu 6-1 contre Oxford ; the team has gone down to the second division l'équipe est redescendue en deuxième division ;

10 ( be remembered) he will go down as a great statesman on se souviendra de lui comme d'un grand homme d'État ;

11 ( be recorded) être noté ; it all goes down in her diary elle note tout dans son journal ;

12 ( continue) the book goes down to 1939 le livre va jusqu'en 1939 ; if you go down to the second last line you will see that si vous regardez à l'avant-dernière ligne, vous verrez que ;

13 ( be stricken) to go down with flu/malaria attraper la grippe/la malaria ;

14 ○ GB ( be sent to prison) être envoyé en prison ;

15 Comput [computer, system] tomber en panne ;

▶ go down [sth]

1 lit descendre [hill] ; descendre dans [mine] ;

2 ( be downgraded) to go down a class Sch redescendre d'une classe.

■ go down on:

▶ go down on [sth] ( set) [sun] se coucher sur ; when the sun went down on the Roman Empire fig quand l'empire romain commençait à décliner ;

▶ go down on [sb] ● ( have oral sex with) tailler une pipe à ● [man] ; faire minette à ● [woman].

■ go for:

▶ go for [sb/sth]

1 ○ (favour, have liking for) craquer ○ pour [person, physical type] ; aimer [style of music, literature etc] ; he really goes for blondes il craque ○ pour or il adore les blondes ; I don't go much for modern art je ne suis pas emballé ○ par l'art moderne, je n'aime pas tellement l'art moderne ;

2 ( apply to) être valable pour, s'appliquer à ; that goes for all of you! c'est valable pour tout le monde! ; the same goes for him c'est valable pour lui aussi!, ça s'applique à lui aussi! ;

▶ go for [sb]

1 ( attack) ( physically) attaquer, tomber sur ; ( verbally) attaquer, s'en prendre à [person] ; the two youths went for him les deux jeunes l'ont attaqué or lui ont sauté dessus ; to go for sb's throat [animal] attaquer qn à la gorge ; she really went for him! (in argument, row) elle l'a vraiment incendié!, elle s'en est prise violemment à lui! ;

2 he has a lot going for him il a beaucoup de choses pour lui ;

▶ go for [sth]

1 ( attempt to achieve) essayer d'obtenir [honour, victory] ; she's going for the gold medal/world record elle vise la médaille d'or/le record mondial ; go for it ○ ! vas-y, fonce ○ ! ; the company is going for a new image l'entreprise cherche à se donner une nouvelle image ; the team is going for a win against Italy l'équipe compte bien gagner contre l'Italie ;

2 ( choose) choisir, prendre ; I'll go for the blue one je prendrai le bleu.

■ go forth sout [person] ( go out) sortir ; ( go forward) aller, avancer ; go forth and multiply allez et multipliez-vous.

■ go forward(s) avancer.

■ go in

1 ( enter) entrer ; ( go back in) rentrer ;

2 Mil [army, troops] attaquer ; the troops went in at dawn les troupes ont attaqué à l'aube ;

3 ( disappear) [sun, moon] se cacher.

■ go in for:

▶ go in for [sth]

1 ( be keen on) aimer [sport, hobby etc] ; I don't go in for sports much je n'aime pas tellement le sport ; he goes in for opera in a big way il adore l'opéra, c'est un fou d'opéra ○ ; we don't go in for that sort of thing nous n'aimons pas ce genre de chose ; they don't go in much for foreign languages at Ben's school ils ne s'intéressent pas beaucoup aux langues étrangères dans l'école de Ben ;

2 ( take up) to go in for teaching entrer dans l'enseignement ; to go in for politics se lancer dans la politique ;

3 ( take part in) s'inscrire à [exam, competition].

■ go into:

▶ go into [sth]

1 ( enter) entrer dans ; fig ( take up) se lancer dans ; to go into hospital entrer à l'hôpital ; to go into parliament entrer au parlement ; to go into politics/business se lancer dans la politique/les affaires ;

2 (examine, investigate) étudier ; we need to go into the question of funding il faut que nous étudiions la question du financement ;

3 (explain, describe) I won't go into why I did it je n'expliquerai pas pourquoi je l'ai fait ; let's not go into that now laissons cela de côté pour l'instant ;

4 ( launch into) se lancer dans ; she went into a long explanation of what had happened elle s'est lancée dans une longue explication de ce qui s'était passé ;

5 ( be expended) a lot of work/money went into this project beaucoup de travail/d'argent a été investi dans ce projet ; a lot of effort went into organizing the party l'organisation de la soirée a demandé beaucoup de travail ;

6 ( hit) [car, driver] rentrer dans, heurter ; the car went into a lamp post la voiture est rentrée dans or a heurté un réverbère.

■ go in with:

▶ go in with [sb] se joindre à [person, ally, organization] ; he went in with us to buy the present il s'est mis avec nous pour acheter le cadeau.

■ go off:

▶ go off

1 (explode, fire) [bomb] exploser ; the gun didn't go off le coup n'est pas parti ;

2 [alarm clock] sonner ; [fire alarm] se déclencher ;

3 ( depart) partir, s'en aller ; he went off to work il est parti au travail ; she went off to find a spade elle est allée chercher une pelle ; they went off together ils sont partis ensemble ;

4 GB ( go bad) [milk, cream] tourner ; [meat] s'avarier ; [butter] rancir ; ( deteriorate) [performer, athlete etc] perdre sa forme ; [work] se dégrader ; ( lose one's attractiveness) [person] être moins beau/belle qu'avant ; he used to be very handsome, but he's gone off a bit il était très beau, mais il est moins bien maintenant ; the first part of the film was good, but after that it went off la première partie du film était bien, mais après ça s'est dégradé ;

5 ○ ( fall asleep) s'endormir ;

6 ( cease to operate) [lights, heating] s'éteindre ;

7 (happen, take place) [evening, organized event] se passer ; the concert went off very well le concert s'est très bien passé ;

8 Theat quitter la scène ;

▶ go off [sb/sth] GB I used to like him but I've gone off him je l'aimais bien avant, mais je ne l'aime plus tellement ; I've gone off opera/whisky je n'aime plus tellement l'opéra/le whisky ; I think she's gone off the idea je crois qu'elle a renoncé à l'idée.

■ go off with:

▶ go off with [sb/sth] partir avec [person, money] ; she went off with all his money elle est partie avec tout son argent ; who's gone off with my pen? qui a pris mon stylo?

■ go on:

▶ go on

1 (happen, take place) se passer ; what's going on? qu'est-ce qui se passe? ; there's a party going on upstairs il y a une fête en haut ; how long has this been going on? depuis combien de temps est-ce que ça dure? ; a lot of stealing goes on il y a beaucoup de vols ; a lot of drinking goes on at Christmas time les gens boivent beaucoup à Noël ;

2 ( continue on one's way) poursuivre son chemin ;

3 ( continue) continuer ; go on with your work continuez votre travail, continuez de travailler ; go on looking continuez à or de chercher ; she went on speaking elle a continué de parler ; go on, we're all listening! continue, nous t'écoutons tous! ; ‘and another thing,’ she went on, ‘you're always late’ ‘et autre chose,’ a-t-elle ajouté, ‘vous êtes toujours en retard’ ; if he goes on like this, he'll get into trouble! s'il continue comme ça, il va s'attirer des ennuis ; we can't go on like this! nous ne pouvons pas continuer comme ça! ; life must go on la vie continue ; the meeting went on into the afternoon la réunion s'est prolongée jusque dans l'après-midi ; you can't go on being a pen pusher all your life! tu ne peux pas rester gratte-papier toute ta vie! ; the list goes on and on la liste est infinie or interminable ; that's enough to be going on with ça suffit pour le moment ; have you got enough work to be going on with? est-ce que tu as assez de travail pour le moment? ; here's £20 to be going on with voici 20 livres pour te dépanner ; go on (with you) ○ ! allons donc! ;

4 ( of time) ( elapse) as time went on, they… avec le temps, ils… ; as the evening went on, he became more animated au fur et à mesure que la soirée avançait, il devenait plus animé ;

5 ( keep talking) to go on about sth ne pas arrêter de parler de qch, parler de qch à n'en plus finir ; he was going on about the war il parlait de la guerre à n'en plus finir ; don't go on about it! arrête de parler de ça!, change de disque! ; she went on and on about it elle en a fait toute une histoire ; he does tend to go on a bit! il a tendance à radoter ○ ! ; the way she goes on, you'd think she was an expert on the subject! à l'entendre, on croirait qu'elle est experte en la matière! ;

6 ( proceed) passer ; let's go on to the next item passons au point suivant ; he went on to say that/describe how puis il a dit que/décrit comment ;

7 ( go into operation) [heating, lights] s'allumer ;

8 Theat entrer en scène ; what time do you go on? à quelle heure est-ce que vous entrez en scène? ;

9 ( approach) it's going on three o'clock il est presque trois heures ; she's four going on five elle va sur ses cinq ans ; he's thirty going on three hum il a trente ans mais il pourrait bien en avoir trois ;

10 ( fit) these gloves won't go on ces gants ne m'iront pas ; the lid won't go on properly le couvercle ne ferme pas bien ;

▶ go on [sth] se fonder sur [piece of evidence, information] ; that's all we've got to go on tout ce que nous savons avec certitude ; we've got nothing else to go on nous n'avons pas d'autre point de départ ; the police haven't got much evidence to go on la police n'a pas beaucoup de preuves à l'appui.

■ go on at:

▶ go on at [sb] s'en prendre à [person] ; he's always going on at me for writing badly il s'en prend toujours à moi à cause de ma mauvaise écriture ; they're always going on at us about deadlines ils sont toujours sur notre dos pour des histoires de délais.

■ go out

1 (leave, depart) sortir ; she went out of the room elle a quitté la pièce, elle est sortie de la pièce ; to go out walking aller se promener ; to go out for a drink aller prendre un verre ; they go out a lot ils sortent beaucoup ; she likes going out elle aime sortir ; she had to go out to work at 14 il a fallu qu'elle aille travailler à 14 ans ;

2 ( travel long distance) partir (to à, pour) ; she's gone out to Australia/Africa elle est partie pour l'Australie/l'Afrique ;

3 ( have relationship) to go out with sb sortir avec qn ; they've been going out together for six weeks ils sortent ensemble depuis six semaines ;

4 [tide] descendre ; the tide is going out la marée descend, la mer se retire ;

5 Ind ( go on strike) se mettre en grève ;

6 ( become unfashionable) passer de mode ; ( no longer be used) ne plus être utilisé ; mini-skirts went out in the 1970s les mini-jupes ont passé de mode dans les années 70 ; gas went out and electricity came in l'électricité a remplacé le gaz ;

7 ( be extinguished) [fire, light] s'éteindre ;

8 ( be sent) [invitation, summons] être envoyé ; ( be published) [journal, magazine] être publié ; Radio, TV ( be broadcast) être diffusé ;

9 ( be announced) word went out that he was coming back le bruit a couru qu'il revenait ; the news went out from Washington that Washington a annoncé que ;

10 ( be eliminated) gen, Sport être éliminé ; she went out in the early stages of the competition elle a été éliminée au début de la compétition ;

11 (expressing compassion, sympathy) my heart goes out to them je les plains de tout mon cœur, je suis de tout cœur avec eux ; our thoughts go out to absent friends nos pensées vont vers nos amis absents ;

12 ( disappear) all the spirit seemed to have gone out of her elle semblait avoir perdu tout son entrain ; the romance seemed to have gone out of their relationship leur relation semblait avoir perdu tout son charme ;

13 ( end) [year, month] se terminer ;

14 ( in cards) terminer.

■ go over:

▶ go over

1 ( cross over) aller ; she went over to him/to the window elle est allée vers lui/vers la fenêtre, elle s'est approchée de lui/de la fenêtre ; to go over to Ireland/to America aller en Irlande/aux États-Unis ; we are now going over to Washington for more news Radio, TV nous passons maintenant l'antenne à Washington pour plus d'informations ;

2 ( be received) how did his speech go over? comment est-ce que son discours a été reçu? ; his speech went over well son discours a été bien reçu ; to go over big ○ avoir un grand succès ;

3 ( switch over) he went over to Labour from the Conservatives il est passé du parti des conservateurs au parti des travaillistes ; to go over to the other side fig passer dans l'autre camp ; we've gone over to gas (central heating) nous sommes passés au chauffage central au gaz ; to go over to Islam se convertir à l'Islam ;

▶ go over [sth]

1 ( review) passer [qch] en revue [details] ; she went over the events of the day in her mind elle a passé en revue les événements de la journée ; we've gone over the details again and again nous avons déjà passé les détails en revue mille fois ; to go over one's lines ( actor) répéter son texte ; there's no point in going over old ground il n'y a aucune raison de revenir là-dessus ;

2 (check, inspect) vérifier [accounts, figures] ; revoir [facts, piece of work] ; I want to go over this article once more before I hand it in je veux relire cet article une dernière fois avant de le remettre ; to go over a house faire le tour d'une maison ;

3 ( clean) he went over the room with a duster il a donné un coup de chiffon dans la pièce ; after cleaning, go over the surface with a dry cloth après l'avoir nettoyée, essuyez la surface avec un chiffon sec or passez un chiffon sec sur la surface ;

4 to go over a sketch in ink repasser un dessin à l'encre ;

5 ( exceed) dépasser ; don't go over £100 ne dépassez pas 100 livres sterling.

■ go round GB:

▶ go round

1 ( turn) [wheel, propeller etc] tourner ; the wheels went round and round les roues n'ont pas arrêté de tourner ; my head's going round j'ai la tête qui tourne ;

2 ( call round) to go round to see sb aller voir qn ; he's gone round to Anna's il est allé chez Anna ;

3 ( suffice) there isn't enough food/money to go round il n'y a pas assez de nourriture/d'argent pour tout le monde ; there was barely enough to go round il y en avait à peine assez pour tout le monde ;

4 ( circulate) there's a rumour going round that le bruit court que ;

5 ( make detour) faire un détour ; we had to go round the long way ou the long way round il a fallu qu'on prenne un chemin plus long ; I had to go round by the bridge il a fallu que je passe par or que je fasse un détour par le pont ;

▶ go round [sth] ( visit) faire le tour de [shops, house, museum].

■ go through:

▶ go through

1 ( come in) entrer ; if you'll just go (on) through, I'll tell them you're here si vous voulez bien entrer, je vais leur dire que vous êtes arrivé ;

2 ( be approved) [law, agreement] passer ; the law failed to go through la loi n'est pas passée ; the divorce hasn't gone through yet le divorce n'a pas encore été prononcé ;

3 ( be successfully completed) [business deal] être conclu ;

▶ go through [sth]

1 ( undergo) endurer, subir [experience, ordeal] ; ( pass through) passer par [stage, phase] ; in spite of all he's gone through malgré tout ce qu'il a enduré ; we've all gone through it nous sommes tous passés par là ; she's gone through a lot elle a beaucoup souffert ; he went through the day in a kind of daze toute la journée il a été dans un état second ; the country has gone through two civil wars le pays a connu deux guerres civiles ; to go through a crisis traverser une crise ; as you go through life au fur et à mesure que tu vieillis, en vieillissant ; you have to go through the switchboard/right authorities il faut passer par le standard/les autorités compétentes ; it went through my mind that l'idée m'a traversé l'esprit que ;

2 (check, inspect) examiner, étudier ; ( rapidly) parcourir [documents, files, list] ; to go through one's mail parcourir son courrier ; let's go through the points one by one étudions or examinons les problèmes un par un ;

3 ( search) fouiller [person's belongings, baggage] ; to go through sb's pockets/drawers fouiller dans les poches/tiroirs de qn ; at customs they went through all my things à la douane ils ont fouillé toutes mes affaires ;

4 (perform, rehearse) répéter [scene] ; expliquer [procedure] ; let's go through the whole scene once more répétons or reprenons toute la scène une dernière fois ; there are still a certain number of formalities to be gone through il y a encore un certain nombre de formalités à remplir ; I went through the whole procedure with him je lui ai expliqué comment il fallait procéder en détail ;

5 (consume, use up) dépenser [money] ; we went through three bottles of wine nous avons bu or descendu ○ trois bouteilles de vin ; I've gone through the elbows of my jacket j'ai usé ma veste aux coudes.

■ go through with:

▶ go through with [sth] réaliser, mettre [qch] à exécution [plan] ; in the end they decided to go through with the wedding finalement ils ont décidé de se marier ; I can't go through with it je ne peux pas le faire ; you'll have to go through with it now il va falloir que tu le fasses maintenant.

■ go together

1 ( harmonize) [colours, pieces of furniture etc] aller ensemble ; these colours don't go together ces couleurs ne vont pas ensemble ;

2 ( entail each other) aller de pair ; poverty and crime often go together la pauvreté et le crime vont souvent de pair ;

3 ○ †( have relationship) [couple] sortir ensemble.

■ go under

1 [boat, ship] couler, sombrer ; [drowning person] couler, disparaître sous les flots ;

2 fig ( succumb) [person] succomber ; ( go bankrupt) [business, company] faire faillite.

■ go up:

▶ go up

1 ( ascend) monter ; to go up to bed monter se coucher ; they've gone up to London ils sont allés or montés à Londres ; they've gone up to Scotland ils sont allés en Écosse ; ‘going up!’ ( in elevator) ‘on monte!’ ;

2 ( rise) [price, temperature] monter ; Theat [curtain] se lever (on sur) ; petrol has gone up (in price) (le prix de) l'essence a augmenté ; unemployment is going up le chômage augmente or est en hausse ; our membership has gone up le nombre de nos adhérents a augmenté ; a cry went up from the crowd un cri est monté or s'est élevé de la foule ;

3 ( be erected) [building] être construit ; [poster] être affiché ; new office blocks are going up all over the place on construit de nouveaux immeubles un peu partout ;

4 (be destroyed, blown up) [building] sauter, exploser ;

5 GB Univ ( start university) entrer à l'université ; ( start term) reprendre les cours ;

6 ( be upgraded) the team has gone up to the first division l'équipe est passée en première division ;

7 ( continue) the book/series goes up to 1990 le livre/la série va jusqu'en 1990 ;

▶ go up [sth]

1 ( mount) monter, gravir [hill, mountain] ;

2 to go up a class Sch passer dans une classe supérieure.

■ go with:

▶ go with [sth]

1 (match, suit) aller avec ; your shirt goes with your blue eyes ta chemise va bien avec tes yeux bleus ; white wine goes better with fish than red wine le vin blanc va mieux avec le poisson que le rouge ;

2 ( accompany) aller de pair avec ; the car goes with the job la voiture va de pair avec la situation ; the responsibilities that go with parenthood les responsabilités qui vont de pair avec le fait d'être parent ;

▶ go with [sb] ( date) sortir avec ; ( have sex with) coucher avec [person].

■ go without:

▶ go without s'en passer ; you'll just have to go without! il va falloir que tu t'en passes!, il va falloir que tu fasses sans! ;

▶ go without [sth] se passer de [food, luxuries].

Big English-French dictionary > go
18 split

split [splɪt] (pt & pp split, cont splitting)

1 noun

(a) (in wood) fissure f, fente f; (in rock → gen) fissure f; (→ deeper) crevasse f; (in skin) gerçure f; (in garment → on purpose) fente f; (→ tear) déchirure f;

∎ there is a long split in the wood le bois est fendu sur une bonne longueur

(b) (division) division f; (separation) séparation f; (quarrel) rupture f; Politics scission f, schisme m; Religion schisme m; (gap) fossé m, écart m;

∎ a split in the ranks une division dans les rangs;

∎ there was a three-way split in the voting les votes étaient répartis en trois groupes;

∎ a deep split within the party un schisme profond au sein du parti;

∎ the split between rich and poor nations l'écart entre les pays riches et les pays pauvres

(c) (share) part f;

∎ he asked to be given his split of the booty il a demandé qu'on lui donne sa part du butin;

∎ they suggested a two-way split of the profits ils ont proposé de partager les bénéfices en deux parts égales

(d) Cookery coupe f glacée

(e) (half bottle → of soft drink) petite bouteille f; (→ of champagne) demi-bouteille f; (half glass → of spirits) petit verre m

2 adjective

(lip, skirt) fendu;

∎ in a split second en une fraction de seconde;

∎ it only took a split second cela n'a demandé qu'une fraction de seconde;

∎ he works a split shift sa journée de travail est divisée en deux tranches horaires

3 transitive verb

(a) (cleave → wood, stone) fendre; (→ slate) cliver;

∎ he was splitting wood for the fire il fendait du bois pour faire du feu;

∎ the lightning split the oak right down the middle la foudre a fendu le chêne en plein milieu;

∎ karate experts can split bricks with their bare hands les karatékas sont capables de casser des briques à main nue;

∎ to split sth in two or in half casser ou fendre qch en deux;

∎ to split sth open ouvrir qch (en le coupant en deux ou en le fendant);

∎ the customs split the boxes open les douaniers ont ouvert les cartons d'un coup de canif;

∎ he split his head open on the concrete il s'est fendu le crâne sur le béton;

∎ they split open the mattress in their search for drugs ils ont éventré le matelas à la recherche de stupéfiants;

∎ Physics to split the atom fissionner l'atome;

∎ familiar to split one's sides (laughing) se tenir les côtes (de rire)

(b) (tear) déchirer;

∎ the plastic sheet had been split right down the middle la bâche en plastique avait été fendue en plein milieu;

∎ I've split my trousers j'ai déchiré mon pantalon

(c) (separate into groups → family) diviser; Politics (→ party) diviser, créer ou provoquer une scission dans;

∎ we were split into two groups on nous a divisés en deux groupes;

∎ the committee is split on this issue le comité est divisé sur cette question;

∎ this split the party three ways ceci a divisé ou scindé le parti en trois;

∎ to split the vote disperser les voix;

∎ the vote was split down the middle les deux camps avaient obtenu exactement le même nombre de voix;

∎ we were split 30-70 on était 30 pour cent d'un côté et 70 pour cent de l'autre;

∎ American Politics to split one's ticket panacher son bulletin de vote

(d) (divide and share → profits) (se) partager, (se) répartir; (→ bill) (se) partager; Finance (→ stocks) faire une redistribution de;

∎ they decided to split the work between them ils ont décidé de se partager le travail;

∎ to split the profits four ways diviser les bénéfices en quatre;

∎ you can't split it in three on ne peut pas le diviser en trois;

∎ to split a bottle partager une bouteille;

∎ to split the difference (share out) partager la différence; (compromise) couper la poire en deux

(e) Grammar

∎ to split an infinitive = intercaler un adverbe ou une expression adverbiale entre "to" et le verbe

(f) Computing (file, image) découper

(g) familiar (leave) quitter^□ ;

∎ we split town nous avons quitté la ville;

∎ I'm going to split this scene je me tire ou barre

4 intransitive verb

(a) (break → wood, slate) se fendre, éclater;

∎ the ship split in two le navire s'est brisé (en deux);

∎ figurative my head is splitting j'ai un mal de tête atroce

(b) (tear → fabric) se déchirer; (→ seam) craquer;

∎ the bag split open le sac s'est déchiré;

∎ her dress split right down the back le dos de sa robe s'est déchiré de haut en bas

(c) (divide → gen) se diviser; (→ political party) se scinder; (→ road, railway) se diviser, bifurquer;

∎ the hikers split into three groups les randonneurs se sont divisés en trois groupes;

∎ the party split over the question of pollution le parti s'est scindé ou divisé sur la question de la pollution;

∎ the committee split down the middle on the issue le comité s'est divisé en deux clans sur la question

(d) (separate → couple) se séparer; (→ family, group) s'éparpiller, se disperser;

∎ she has split with her old school friends elle ne voit plus ses anciennes camarades de classe

(e) familiar (leave) se casser, mettre les bouts;

∎ let's split! on se casse!;

∎ they split for San Francisco ils sont partis à San Fransisco^□

5 splits plural noun

∎ British to do the splits, American to do splits faire le grand écart

►► split cane osier m;

Sport split decision (in boxing) victoire f, décision f aux points;

split end fourche f;

∎ I tend to get split ends j'ai des cheveux qui ont tendance à fourcher;

Grammar split infinitive = infinitif où un adverbe ou une expression adverbiale est intercalé entre "to" et le verbe;

split pea pois m cassé;

split personality double personnalité f, dédoublement m de la personnalité;

∎ he has a split personality il souffre d'un dédoublement de personnalité;

British split pin goupille f fendue;

split ring bague f à fente;

Cinema & Computing split screen écran m divisé;

split second fraction f de seconde;

American Politics split ticket panachage m;

Sport split time (in cycling, athletics, motor racing) temps m de passage

➲ split off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (break, cut → branch, piece) enlever (en fendant)

(b) (person, group) séparer;

∎ our branch was split off from the parent company notre succursale a été séparée de la maison mère

2 intransitive verb

(a) (branch, splinter) se détacher;

∎ a large rock split off from the cliff un gros rocher s'est détaché de la falaise

(b) (separate → person, group) se séparer;

∎ we split off (from the others) to visit the museum nous avons quitté les autres pour visiter le musée;

∎ a radical movement split off from the main party un mouvement radical s'est détaché du gros du parti

➲ split on inseparable transitive verb

British familiar (inform on) vendre, moucharder;

∎ he split on his friend to the police il a donné son ami à la police;

∎ don't split on him! ne le vends pas!

➲ split up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (wood) fendre; (cake) couper en morceaux;

∎ he split the wood up into small pieces il a fendu le bois en petits morceaux

(b) (divide → loot, profits) partager; (→ work) répartir;

∎ let's split the work up between us répartissons-nous le travail;

∎ the teaching syllabus is split up into several chapters le programme d'enseignement est divisé en plusieurs chapitres;

∎ Chemistry to split up a compound into its elements dédoubler un composé en ses éléments

(c) (couple, people fighting) séparer; (disperse) disperser;

∎ the teacher split the boys up le professeur a séparé les garçons;

∎ the police split up the meeting/crowd la police a mis fin à la réunion/dispersé la foule

2 intransitive verb

(a) (wood, marble) se fendre; (ship) se briser

(b) (couple) se séparer, rompre; (friends) rompre, se brouiller; (meeting, members) se disperser; Politics se diviser, se scinder;

∎ to split up with sb rompre avec qn;

∎ the band split up in 1992 le groupe s'est séparé en 1992;

∎ the search party split up into three groups l'équipe de secours s'est divisée en trois groupes

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > split
19 solid

[ˈsɔlɪd]

to be solid (with smb.) быть в милости (у кого-л.), the Solid South амер. южные штаты, традиционно голосующие за демократическую партию solid сплоченный, единогласный; solid party сплоченная партия; the decision was passed by a solid vote решение было принято единогласно; to be solid for стоять твердо за solid твердый (не жидкий, не газообразный); solid state твердое состояние; to become solid on cooling твердеть при охлаждении solid сплоченный, единогласный; solid party сплоченная партия; the decision was passed by a solid vote решение было принято единогласно; to be solid for стоять твердо за solid непрерывный; solid line of defence непрерывная линия обороны; for a solid hour (day) в течение часа (дня) без перерыва solid прочный, крепкий; плотный, солидный; to have a solid meal плотно поесть; a man of solid build человек плотного сложения solid прочный, крепкий; плотный, солидный; to have a solid meal плотно поесть; a man of solid build человек плотного сложения solid основательный, надежный; солидный; веский; solid argument веский довод; solid grounds реальные основания; a man of solid sense человек трезвого ума solid мат. тело; regular solid правильное (геометрическое) тело solid единогласно; to vote solid голосовать единогласно solid единогласный solid массивный (не полый) solid непрерывный; solid line of defence непрерывная линия обороны; for a solid hour (day) в течение часа (дня) без перерыва solid основательный, надежный; солидный; веский; solid argument веский довод; solid grounds реальные основания; a man of solid sense человек трезвого ума solid пишущийся вместе, без дефиса solid плотный solid порода, массив (угля или руды) solid прочный, крепкий; плотный, солидный; to have a solid meal плотно поесть; a man of solid build человек плотного сложения solid прочный solid сплоченный, единогласный; solid party сплоченная партия; the decision was passed by a solid vote решение было принято единогласно; to be solid for стоять твердо за solid сплошной; цельный; solid colour ровный цвет; solid printing полигр. набор без шпонов; solid square воен. (сплошное) каре solid сплошной solid твердое тело solid твердый solid pl твердая пища solid физ. твердое тело solid твердый (не жидкий, не газообразный); solid state твердое состояние; to become solid on cooling твердеть при охлаждении solid мат. тело; regular solid правильное (геометрическое) тело solid мат. трехмерный, пространственный, кубический; solid angle телесный (или пространственный) угол; solid foot кубический фут solid убедительный solid a sl. хороший, отличный solid чистый, неразбавленный; без примесей; solid gold чистое золото solid основательный, надежный; солидный; веский; solid argument веский довод; solid grounds реальные основания; a man of solid sense человек трезвого ума solid сплошной; цельный; solid colour ровный цвет; solid printing полигр. набор без шпонов; solid square воен. (сплошное) каре solid мат. трехмерный, пространственный, кубический; solid angle телесный (или пространственный) угол; solid foot кубический фут solid чистый, неразбавленный; без примесей; solid gold чистое золото solid основательный, надежный; солидный; веский; solid argument веский довод; solid grounds реальные основания; a man of solid sense человек трезвого ума solid непрерывный; solid line of defence непрерывная линия обороны; for a solid hour (day) в течение часа (дня) без перерыва solid сплоченный, единогласный; solid party сплоченная партия; the decision was passed by a solid vote решение было принято единогласно; to be solid for стоять твердо за solid сплошной; цельный; solid colour ровный цвет; solid printing полигр. набор без шпонов; solid square воен. (сплошное) каре to be solid (with smb.) быть в милости (у кого-л.), the Solid South амер. южные штаты, традиционно голосующие за демократическую партию solid сплошной; цельный; solid colour ровный цвет; solid printing полигр. набор без шпонов; solid square воен. (сплошное) каре solid твердый (не жидкий, не газообразный); solid state твердое состояние; to become solid on cooling твердеть при охлаждении solid единогласно; to vote solid голосовать единогласно

English-Russian short dictionary > solid
20 favour

1.
(Brit.)noun

1) Gunst, die; Wohlwollen, das

find/lose favour with somebody — [Sache:] bei jemandem Anklang finden/jemandem nicht mehr gefallen; [Person:] jemandes Wohlwollen gewinnen/verlieren

be in favour [with somebody] — [bei jemandem] beliebt sein; [Idee, Kleidung usw.:] [bei jemandem] in Mode sein

be out of favour [with somebody] — [bei jemandem] unbeliebt sein; [Idee, Kleidung usw.:] [bei jemandem] nicht mehr in Mode sein

2) (kindness) Gefallen, der; Gefälligkeit, die

ask a favour of somebody, ask somebody a favour — jemanden um einen Gefallen bitten

do somebody a favour, do a favour for somebody — jemandem einen Gefallen tun

as a favour — aus Gefälligkeit

as a favour to somebody — jemandem zuliebe

3) (support)

be in favour of something — für etwas sein

in favour of — zugunsten (+ Gen.)

all those in favour — alle, die dafür sind

in somebody's favour — zu jemandes Gunsten

4) (partiality) Begünstigung, die

show favour to[wards] somebody — jemanden begünstigen
2. transitive verb
1) (approve) für gut halten, gutheißen [Plan, Idee, Vorschlag]; (think preferable) bevorzugen

I favour the first proposal — ich bin für den ersten Vorschlag

2) (oblige) beehren ( with mit) (geh.)

3) (treat with partiality) bevorzugen

4) (prove advantageous to) begünstigen

* * *
['feivə] 1. noun
1) (a kind action: Will you do me a favour and lend me your car?) der Gefallen

2) (kindness or approval: She looked on him with great favour.) der Gefallen

3) (preference or too much kindness: By doing that he showed favour to the other side.) bevorzugen

4) (a state of being approved of: He was very much in favour with the Prime Minister.) die Gunst
2. verb
(to support or show preference for: Which side do you favour?) bevorzugen

- academic.ru/26648/favourable">favourable
- favourably
- favourite 3. noun
(a person or thing that one likes best: Of all her paintings that is my favourite.) der Liebling

- favouritism
- in favour of
- in one's favour
* * *

fa·vour, AM fa·vor

[ˈfeɪvəʳ, AM -ɚ]

I. n

1. no pl (approval) Befürwortung f

to come down [or out] in \favour of sth sich akk für etw akk aussprechen

to decide in \favour of sth sich akk für etw akk entscheiden

to speak in \favour of sth für etw akk sprechen

to vote in \favour of sth für etw akk stimmen

▪ to be in \favour dafür sein

all those in \favour, please raise your hands alle, die dafür sind, heben bitte die Hand

▪ to be in \favour of sth für etw akk sein, etw befürworten

2. no pl (preference) Bevorzugung f

to gain [or win] sb's \favour [or \favour with sb] jds Gunst erlangen, jdn für sich akk gewinnen

to show \favour to sb jdn bevorzugen

3. no pl (popularity) Gunst f

to find \favour with sb bei jdm Gefallen finden

to return to [or get back into] \favour [with sb] wieder beliebt werden

his style has now returned to \favour sein Stil ist jetzt wieder gefragt

he's trying to get back into \favour er versucht, sich wieder beliebt zu machen

▪ to be in \favour [with sb] [bei jdm] hoch im Kurs stehen

to be/fall [or go] out of \favour person in Ungnade sein/fallen; object aus der Mode sein/kommen

4. no pl (advantage)

to decide in \favour of sth sich akk für etw akk entscheiden

to find in \favour of sb für jdn entscheiden

to have sth in one's \favour etw als Vorteil haben

to reject [or turn down] sb/sth in \favour of sb/sth jdm/etw gegenüber jdm/etw den Vorzug geben

to rule in sb's \favour SPORT für jdn entscheiden

▪ to be in sb's \favour zu jds Gunsten sein

you must stand a good chance, there are so many things in your \favour du hast sicherlich eine gute Chance, so viele Dinge sprechen für dich

the wind was in our \favour der Wind war günstig für uns

bank error in your \favour Bankirrtum zu Ihren Gunsten

5. (kind act) Gefallen m kein pl

I'm not asking for \favours ich bitte nicht um Gefälligkeiten

do it as a \favour to me tu es mir zuliebe

to ask sb [for] a \favour [or to ask a \favour of sb] jdn um einen Gefallen bitten

to dispense \favours to sb jdm Gefälligkeiten erweisen

to do sb a \favour [or a \favour for sb] jdm einen Gefallen tun

to not do sb/oneself any \favours jdm/sich dat keinen Gefallen tun

to grant sb a \favour jdm einen Gefallen tun

6. AM (present) kleines Geschenk

party \favour kleines Geschenk (das auf einer Party verteilt wird)

7. pl ( dated: sex)

▪ \favours Gunst f veraltet o hum, Liebesdienste pl

to be free with one's \favours freizügig sein, nicht mit seinen Reizen geizen

8.

▶ do me a \favour! esp BRIT ( fam) tu mir einen Gefallen! fam

II. vt

1. (prefer)

▪ to \favour sth etw vorziehen [o bevorzugen]

to \favour an explanation/a theory für eine Erklärung/eine Theorie sein, eine Erklärung/eine Theorie vertreten

2. (approve)

▪ to \favour sth etw gutheißen

▪ to \favour doing sth es gutheißen, etw zu tun

3. (benefit)

▪ to \favour sb/sth jdn/etw begünstigen

4. (be partial)

▪ to \favour sb jdn bevorzugen; SPORT jdn favorisieren

to \favour one person above the other eine Person einer anderen vorziehen

5. ( form: bestow)

▪ to \favour sb with sth jdm etw huldvoll gewähren geh

he has not yet \favoured me with an explanation ( iron) er war noch nicht so gnädig, mir eine Erklärung zu geben

6. (look like)

▪ to \favour sb jdm ähneln

I \favour my grandmother ich schlage nach meiner Großmutter

* * *
(US) ['feɪvə(r)]
1. n

1) no pl (= goodwill) Gunst f, Wohlwollen nt

to win/lose sb's favour — jds Gunst (acc) erlangen (geh)/verscherzen

to find favour with sb — bei jdm Anklang finden

to look with favour on sth — einer Sache (dat) wohlwollend gegenüberstehen

to be in favour with sb — bei jdm gut angeschrieben sein; (fashion, pop star, writer etc) bei jdm beliebt sein, bei jdm gut ankommen

to be/fall out of favour — in Ungnade (gefallen) sein/fallen; (fashion, pop star, writer etc) nicht mehr ankommen or beliebt sein (with bei)

2)

to be in favour of sth — für etw sein

to be in favour of doing sth — dafür sein, etw zu tun

a point in his favour — ein Punkt zu seinen Gunsten, ein Punkt, der für ihn spricht

the judge ruled in his favour — der Richter entschied zu seinen Gunsten

he's got everything in his favour — es spricht alles für ihn

circumstances were all working in her favour — die Umstände waren alle günstig für sie

all those in favour raise their hands — alle, die dafür sind, Hand hoch

he rejected socialism in favour of the market economy — er lehnte den Sozialismus ab und bevorzugte statt dessen die Marktwirtschaft

See:

→ balance

3) (= partiality) Vergünstigung f

to show favour to sb — jdn bevorzugen

4) (= act of kindness) Gefallen m, Gefälligkeit f

to ask a favour of sb — jdn um einen Gefallen bitten

to do sb a favour — jdm einen Gefallen tun

do me a favour! (inf) — sei so gut!

would you do me the favour of returning my library books? —

do me the favour of shutting up! (inf) — tu mir einen Gefallen und halt den Mund!

as a favour — aus Gefälligkeit

as a favour to him —

to sell sexual favours (old, hum) — Liebesgünste verkaufen (old, hum)

5) (old: ribbon etc) Schleife f

6) (on wedding cake) Verzierung f, (Kuchen)dekoration f; (to take home) Tüllbeutel mit Zuckermandeln

2. vt

1) idea (= be in favour of) für gut halten; (= prefer) bevorzugen

I favour the second proposal — ich bin für den zweiten Vorschlag

2) (= show preference) bevorzugen; (king etc) begünstigen

3) (= oblige, honour) beehren (form)

to favour sb with a smile — jdm gütigerweise ein Lächeln gewähren (geh)

4) (= be favourable for) begünstigen

5) (US: resemble) ähneln (+dat)

* * *

favour, favourable, favourableness, favoured, favourite, favouritism besonders Br für favor etc

favor, besonders Br favour [ˈfeıvə(r)]

A v/t

1. jemandem, einer Sache günstig gesinnt sein, jemandem gewogen sein, wohlwollen

2. begünstigen:

a) favorisieren, bevorzugen, vorziehen

b) günstig sein für, fördern

c) eintreten oder sprechen für, unterstützen, für etwas sein

3. besonders SPORT favorisieren, zum Favoriten erklären

4. einverstanden sein mit

5. bestätigen

6. jemanden beehren ( with mit):

favor sb with sth jemandem etwas schenken oder verehren, jemanden mit etwas erfreuen

7. umg jemandem ähnlich sehen:

he favors his father

8. sein verletztes Bein etc schonen

B s

1. Gunst f, Wohlwollen n:

find favor Gefallen oder Anklang finden;

find favor with sb ( oder in sb’s eyes) Gnade vor jemandes Augen finden, jemandem gefallen;

grant sb a favor jemandem eine Gunst gewähren;

look with favor on sb jemanden mit Wohlwollen betrachten;

win sb’s favor jemanden für sich gewinnen;

by favor of

a) mit gütiger Erlaubnis von (od gen),

b) überreicht von (Brief);

be in favor with sb

a) bei jemandem gut angeschrieben sein,

b) auch be in sb’s favor bei jemandem beliebt oder gefragt oder begehrt sein;

be ( oder stand) high in sb’s favor bei jemandem hoch in der Gunst stehen;

in favor of für, auch WIRTSCH zugunsten von (od gen);

in my favor zu meinen Gunsten;

speak in favor of für etwas sprechen oder eintreten;

who is in favor (of it)? wer ist dafür oder (damit) einverstanden?;

vote in favor dafür oder mit Ja stimmen;

be out of favor with sb

a) bei jemandem in Ungnade (gefallen) sein,

b) auch be out of sb’s favor bei jemandem nicht mehr beliebt oder gefragt oder begehrt sein; → curry¹ 4, fall from

2. Gefallen m, Gefälligkeit f:

ask sb a favor ( oder a favor of sb) jemanden um einen Gefallen bitten;

do sb a favor, do a favor for sb jemandem einen Gefallen tun;

do me a favor and … tu mir den Gefallen und …, sei so nett und …;

we request the favor of your company wir laden Sie höflich ein

3. Bevorzugung f, Begünstigung f:

show favor to sb jemanden bevorzugen oder begünstigen;

he doesn’t ask for favors er stellt keine besonderen Ansprüche;

without fear or favor unparteiisch

4. grant sb one’s favors ( oder one’s ultimate favor) jemandem seine Gunst geben oder gewähren (Frau)

5. obs Schutz m:

under favor of night im Schutze der Nacht

6. a) kleines (auf einer Party etc verteiltes) Geschenk

b) (auf einer Party etc verteilter) Scherzartikel

7. (Partei- etc) Abzeichen n

8. WIRTSCH obs Schreiben n:

your favor of the 3rd of the month Ihr Geehrtes vom 3. des Monats

9. obs

a) Anmut f

b) Aussehen n

c) Gesicht n

* * *
1.
(Brit.)noun

1) Gunst, die; Wohlwollen, das

find/lose favour with somebody — [Sache:] bei jemandem Anklang finden/jemandem nicht mehr gefallen; [Person:] jemandes Wohlwollen gewinnen/verlieren

be in favour [with somebody] — [bei jemandem] beliebt sein; [Idee, Kleidung usw.:] [bei jemandem] in Mode sein

be out of favour [with somebody] — [bei jemandem] unbeliebt sein; [Idee, Kleidung usw.:] [bei jemandem] nicht mehr in Mode sein

2) (kindness) Gefallen, der; Gefälligkeit, die

ask a favour of somebody, ask somebody a favour — jemanden um einen Gefallen bitten

do somebody a favour, do a favour for somebody — jemandem einen Gefallen tun

as a favour — aus Gefälligkeit

as a favour to somebody — jemandem zuliebe

3) (support)

be in favour of something — für etwas sein

in favour of — zugunsten (+ Gen.)

all those in favour — alle, die dafür sind

in somebody's favour — zu jemandes Gunsten

4) (partiality) Begünstigung, die

show favour to[wards] somebody — jemanden begünstigen
2. transitive verb
1) (approve) für gut halten, gutheißen [Plan, Idee, Vorschlag]; (think preferable) bevorzugen

I favour the first proposal — ich bin für den ersten Vorschlag

2) (oblige) beehren ( with mit) (geh.)

3) (treat with partiality) bevorzugen

4) (prove advantageous to) begünstigen

* * *

(UK) n.

Gefälligkeit f.

Gunst nur sing. f. n.

Gefallen - m. (UK) v.

begünstigen v.

bevorzugen v.

English-german dictionary > favour

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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vote with a party

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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vote with a party

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